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Zink (Z)

Zink (Z)Zink ist ein Spurenelement, das in allen Körperzellen und -flüssigkeiten vorkommt. Zink wird für die normale Funktion von etwa 200 verschiedenen Enzymen benötigt, die Wachstum, Stoffwechsel, Nervensystem, Immunabwehr und eine Vielzahl weiterer Funktionen steuern. Ein Großteil unseres Zinks ist im Muskel- und Knochengewebe enthalten. Eine besonders hohe Zinkkonzentration findet sich in der Prostata und der Aderhaut des Auges. Etwa 11 % kommen in der Haut und der Leber vor. Der Körper eines Erwachsenen enthält etwa 2-4 Gramm Zink. Wir können lediglich 10-30 % des mit der Nahrung aufgenommenen Zinks resorbieren, und es gibt verschiedene Faktoren, durch die sich die Zinkaufnahme erhöhen oder verringern kann.

Funktionen und Bedeutung

  • Kohlehydrat-, Fett- und Proteinstoffwechsel
  • Sehvermögen, Geschmacks- und Hörsinn
  • Gedächtnis
  • Gewebe- und Organwachstum
  • Gene und DNA-Synthese
  • Fruchtbarkeit und Schwangerschaft
  • Testosteron (männliches Sexualhormon)
  • Immunabwehr
  • Entzündungsregulierung
  • Haut, Haare, Nägel und Knochen
  • Wundheilung
  • Vitamin-A- und Folsäurestoffwechsel
  • Funktion der Antioxidanzien

Ursachen für Mangel und schlechte Verwertung

  • Unausgewogene Ernährung
  • Hohe Eisen- und Calciumzufuhr
  • Hohe Phytatzufuhr (Phytate binden Zink in Mehl und Getreide)
  • Mangel an tierischem Protein aus der Nahrung
  • Übermäßiges Schwitzen
  • Hohes Alter
  • Alkoholkonsum und damit zusammenhängende Lebererkrankungen
  • Zöliakie (Glutenunverträglichkeit)
  • Chronische Bauchspeicheldrüsenentzündung
  • Schlecht behandelter Diabetes
  • Durchfall, insbesondere bei Kindern
  • Parenterale Ernährung (intravenös)
  • Chronische Nephropathie (Nierenerkrankung)
  • Diuretika
  • Langzeiteinnahme von Antibiotika (Tetrazyklinen)

Die Aufnahme wird erhöht durch

  • Tierisches Protein (Fleisch, Fisch, Eier, Milchprodukte)
  • Schwangerschaft und Stillen
  • Muttermilch

Mangelerscheinungen

Schätzungen zufolge leiden etwa 25 % der Weltbevölkerung an Zinkmangel. Dieser wird grob in drei Stufen eingeteilt: leichter, mittlerer und schwerer Mangel:

Leichter Zinkmangel

  • Gewichtsverlust
  • Erhöhte Ammoniakwerte
  • Verringerter Serum-Testosteronspiegel (Gesamtgehalt des männlichen Sexualhormons)
  • Schwangerschaftskomplikationen

Mittlerer Zinkmangel

  • Teilnahmslosigkeit
  • Raue Haut
  • Sensible Haut und Hautunreinheiten
  • Schlechte Wundheilung
  • Appetitlosigkeit
  • Beeinträchtigter Geschmackssinn
  • Veränderungen der Binde- und Hornhaut des Auges
  • Hypogonadismus - zu wenig Testosteron (männliches Sexualhormon) im Blut
  • Verzögertes Wachstum

Schwerer Zinkmangel

  • Geistige Verwirrung
  • Neurosensorische Störungen
  • Gewichtsverlust
  • Verlust der Hörfähigkeit
  • Durchfall
  • Dermatitis - Ekzeme und Hautentzündungen
  • Infektionen (viral, bakteriell, fungal)
  • Hypogonadismus - zu wenig Testosteron (männliches Sexualhormon) im Blut
  • Verspätete Pubertät
  • Acrodermatitis - ein seltene lebensbedrohliche Erbkrankheit (Durchfall, verzögertes Wachstum und häufige Infektionen), die mit
  • Zinkpräparaten behandelt wird
  • Tod

Quellen

Insbesondere Austern, Leber, Fleisch, Schalentiere, Milchprodukte, Nüsse, Samen, Körner und Bohnen.

Bitte beachten Sie: Zink aus tierische Quellen wird am leichtesten aufgenommen

Zinkgehalt in mg je 100 Gramm

Kürbiskerne 7,5
Schweineleber 6,7
Hummer und Rind 4,6
Käse 4,5
Mandeln 3,3

Empfohlene Tagesdosis (NRV)

Erwachsene: 11 Jahre und älter: 7,0 mg

Kinder bis 10 Jahre: 7,0 mg

Erhöhter Bedarf

  • Bei den oben aufgeführten Mangelerscheinungen
  • Bei Schwangeren und Stillenden
  • Bei Wundliegen und Verbrennungen
  • Bei Vegetariern
  • Bei Durchfall - Zink hilft sowohl zur Vorbeugung als auch zur Behandlung
  • Bei akuten Infektionen
  • Bei Alkoholismus
  • Bei Lebererkrankungen wie Hepatitis und Leberzirrhose
  • Bei hepatischer Enzephalopathie (Leberkoma)

Überdosierung - Nebenwirkungen

Nahrungsergänzungsmittel verursachen selten Nebenwirkungen. Mögliche Symptome umfassen:

  • Bauchschmerzen
  • Durchfall
  • Übelkeit und Erbrechen
  • Reizung der Magenschleimhaut
  • Beeinträchtigte Immunabwehr

Die Langzeiteinnahme von Zinkpräparaten kann die Zink- und Kupferaufnahme des Körpers hemmen

Wichtige Information

Die Messung des Zinkplasmaspiegels ist eine kostengünstige Analysemethode und wird immer häufiger durchgeführt. Wird ein Zinkmangel diagnostiziert, kann der Arzt je nach Schweregrad des Mangels und der allgemeinen Ernährung des Patienten Zinkpräparate verschreiben.

Leichter Zinkmangel wird mit der täglichen Einnahme von 15-30 mg Zink behandelt. Mittlerer bis schwerer Zinkmangel wird in der Regel mit höheren Dosen behandelt - in einigen Fällen mit bis zu 45 mg dreimal täglich (allerdings maximal vier Monate lang).

Wird Zinkmangel mit Zinkpräparaten behandelt, sollte die Einnahme, nachdem sich die Zinkwerte wieder normalisiert haben, noch eine Weile lang fortgesetzt werden, da Zink hauptsächlich außerhalb des Blutes vorkommt.

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  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`1.18ms3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`tag_id`,`t`.* FROM `has_contentitem_tag_map` AS `m` INNER JOIN `has_tags` AS `t` ON `m`.`tag_id` = `t`.`id` WHERE `m`.`type_alias` = :contentType AND `m`.`content_item_id` = :id AND `t`.`published` = 1 AND `t`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)2.46ms4.09KBParams/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php:388Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`406μs3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM has_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `has_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN has_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN has_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN has_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN has_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id LEFT JOIN `has_fields_categories` AS fc ON fc.field_id = a.id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND (`fc`.`category_id` IS NULL OR `fc`.`category_id` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2,:preparedArray3)) AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray4,:preparedArray5)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray6,:preparedArray7)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray8,:preparedArray9) ORDER BY a.ordering ASC2ms4.81KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id550μs1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id106μs1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`language`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`a`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `a`.`id`, `a`.`alias`) ELSE a.id END AS `slug`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`cc`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `cc`.`id`, `cc`.`alias`) ELSE cc.id END AS `catslug` FROM `has_content` AS `a` LEFT JOIN `has_categories` AS `cc` ON `cc`.`id` = `a`.`catid` WHERE `a`.`catid` = :catid AND `a`.`state` = :state AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND (`publish_up` IS NULL OR `publish_up` <= :nowDate1) AND (`publish_down` IS NULL OR `publish_down` >= :nowDate2) AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) ORDER BY CASE WHEN `a`.`publish_up` IS NULL THEN `a`.`created` ELSE `a`.`publish_up` END435μs2.38KBParams/plugins/content/pagenavigation/src/Extension/PageNavigation.php:188Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`745μs3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT custom_data FROM has_extensions WHERE element = 'yootheme' AND folder = 'system' LIMIT 1130μs536B/templates/yootheme/packages/platform-joomla/src/Storage.php:30Copy
  • SELECT `language`,`id` FROM `has_menu` WHERE `home` = '1' AND `published` = 1 AND `client_id` = 03.34ms704B/libraries/src/Language/Multilanguage.php:123Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id95μs1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id6.6ms1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `c2`.`language`,CONCAT_WS(':', `c2`.`id`, `c2`.`alias`) AS `id`,CONCAT_WS(':', `ca`.`id`, `ca`.`alias`) AS `catid` FROM `has_content` AS `c` INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a` ON `a`.`id` = `c`.`id` AND `a`.`context` = :context INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a2` ON `a`.`key` = `a2`.`key` INNER JOIN `has_content` AS `c2` ON `a2`.`id` = `c2`.`id` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `ca` ON `c2`.`catid` = `ca`.`id` AND `ca`.`extension` = :extension2 WHERE `c`.`id` = :id AND c2.access IN (1,5) AND c2.language != 'de-DE' AND (c2.publish_up IS NULL OR c2.publish_up <= '2025-01-30 21:15:08') AND (c2.publish_down IS NULL OR c2.publish_down >= '2025-01-30 21:15:08') AND c2.state = 1294μs1.47KBParams/libraries/src/Language/Associations.php:145Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`id`,`m`.`title`,`m`.`module`,`m`.`position`,`m`.`content`,`m`.`showtitle`,`m`.`params`,`mm`.`menuid` FROM `has_modules` AS `m` LEFT JOIN `has_modules_menu` AS `mm` ON `mm`.`moduleid` = `m`.`id` LEFT JOIN `has_extensions` AS `e` ON `e`.`element` = `m`.`module` AND `e`.`client_id` = `m`.`client_id` WHERE ( ( (`m`.`published` = 1 AND `e`.`enabled` = 1 AND `m`.`client_id` = :clientId AND `m`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown)) AND (`mm`.`menuid` = :itemId OR `mm`.`menuid` <= 0) AND `m`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) ORDER BY `m`.`position`,`m`.`ordering`11.89ms149.34KBParams/libraries/src/Cache/Controller/CallbackController.php:51Copy
  • SELECT `c2`.`language`,`c2`.`id` FROM `has_menu` AS `c` INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a` ON `a`.`id` = `c`.`id` AND `a`.`context` = :context INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a2` ON `a`.`key` = `a2`.`key` INNER JOIN `has_menu` AS `c2` ON `a2`.`id` = `c2`.`id` WHERE `c`.`id` = :id154μs1.38KBParams/libraries/src/Language/Associations.php:145Copy
  • SELECT `name`,`element` FROM `has_extensions` WHERE `type` = 'plugin' AND `folder` = 'finder' AND `enabled` = 11.1ms640B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Helper/LanguageHelper.php:135Copy
  • SELECT `title` FROM `has_finder_taxonomy` WHERE `parent_id` = 1 AND `state` = 1 AND `access` IN (1,5)137μs584B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Indexer/Taxonomy.php:314Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM has_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `has_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN has_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN has_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN has_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN has_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6) ORDER BY a.ordering ASC898μs4.75KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `title` FROM `has_finder_taxonomy` WHERE `parent_id` = 1 AND `state` = 1 AND `access` IN (1,5)164μs584B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Indexer/Taxonomy.php:314Copy
  • SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`next_execution` <= :now THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS due_count,SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`locked` IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END) AS locked_count FROM `has_scheduler_tasks` AS `a` WHERE `a`.`state` = 12.08ms1.37KBParams/administrator/components/com_scheduler/src/Model/TasksModel.php:466Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`377μs3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `session_id` FROM `has_session` WHERE `session_id` = ?106μs1KBParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:291Copy
  • UPDATE `has_session` SET `data` = ? , `time` = ? WHERE `session_id` = ?6.73ms592BParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:318Copy