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Vitamin C (Ascorbinsäure)

Vitamin C (Ascorbinsäure)Vitamin C ist auch als Ascorbin- oder L-Ascorbinsäure bekannt. Die meisten Tiere können Vitamin C mithilfe einer schrittweisen, enzymatischen Glukoseumwandlung (Dextrose) synthetisieren. Der Mensch, der Affe, das Meerschweinchen und bestimmte andere Tiere haben diese Fähigkeit jedoch im Laufe der Evolution verloren. Die für die Immunabwehr zuständigen weißen Blutkörperchen, die Bauchspeicheldrüse, die Hoden und die Eierstöcke weisen die höchste Vitamin-C-Konzentration auf. Vitamin C ist wasserlöslich und kann nicht im Körper gespeichert werden, weshalb wir auf eine regelmäßige Zufuhr angewiesen sind. Vitamin C wird durch Licht, Hitze, Kochen, Gefrieren, Konservieren und Lagern (einschließlich Winterlagerung von Obst und Gemüse) zerstört.

Funktionen und Bedeutung

  • Kollagenbildung im Bindegewebe, die wichtig ist für:
  • Die Struktur der Blutgefäße
  • Gesunde Knochen und gesunden Knorpel
  • Gesundes Zahnfleisch und kräftige Zähne
  • Die Struktur, Farbe, Elastizität und Feuchtigkeit der Haut
  • Energieumsatz und Energiehaushalt
  • Die Aufnahme von Adrenalin und Noradrenalin in den Nebennieren, was bei physischem und psychischem Stress eine wichtige Rolle spielt.
  • Eisenaufnahme
  • Das Immunsystem - auch während und nach körperlicher Aktivität
  • Das Nervensystem und das psychische Gleichgewicht
  • Das Recycling der aktiven Vitamin-E-Form
  • Als Antioxidans, das vor Schäden durch freie Radikale und oxidativen Stress schützt
  • Spielt bei intrazellulären Redoxsystemen eine Rolle (einer Form der Elektronenregulierung). Der genaue Mechanismus ist jedoch nicht bekannt
  • Verringerung von Müdigkeit und Erschöpfung

Ursachen für Mangel und schlechte Verwertung

  • Physischer und psychischer Stress
  • Rauchen
  • Starker Alkohol- und Drogenkonsum
  • Durch freie Radikale verursachter oxidativer Stress
  • Zu wenig Magensäure
  • Antibabypille und Schlafmittel
  • Zucker. Ursache hierfür ist, dass Zucker und Vitamin C über dieselben Kanäle in die Zellen gelangen. Je mehr Zucker Sie verzehren, desto inaktiver wird das Vitamin C

Mangelerscheinungen

  • Die Struktur von Kollagen und Bindegewebe wird schwächer, was zahlreiche Symptome verursachen kann, wie:
  • Blutergüsse, Zahnfleisch- und Nasenbluten sowie schlechte Wundheilung. Diese Erkrankung ist als subklinischer Skorbut bekannt.
  • Skorbut, die klassische Mangelerkrankung und extreme Folge eines Vitamin-C-Mangels, führt zu tödlichen inneren Blutungen. Diese Krankheit war früher bei Seeleuten und in unterentwickelten Ländern weit verbreitet.

Außerdem:

  • Erschöpfung
  • Eisenmangel
  • Beeinträchtigte Immunabwehr und häufige Infektionen
  • Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Dem Nobelpreisträger Linus Pauling zufolge können dauerhaft niedrige Vitamin-C-Blutwerte zu Arteriosklerose führen.

Quellen

Hauptsächlich Obst und Beeren, aber auch Gemüse wie Kohl, Paprika, Meerrettich, Spinat, Knoblauch und Kräuter.

Vitamin-C-Gehalt in mg je 100 Gramm

Acerola - tropische Frucht 1.300-1.700
Hagebutten 1.250
Paprika 191
Rosenkohl 90-150
Orangen 50

Empfohlene Tagesdosis (NRV)

Erwachsene: 11 Jahre und älter: 95 mg

Kinder bis 10 Jahre: 45 mg

Säurefreie Präparate

Die Salze der Ascorbinsäure werden Ascorbate genannt und werden in säurefreien Präparaten mit Sodiumascorbat oder Calciumascorbat verwendet. Säurefreie Präparate schonen die Schleimhäute des Verdauungstraktes.

Erhöhter Bedarf

  • Bei den oben genannten Mangelerscheinungen und der Einnahme von Medikamenten
  • Bei starkem Rauchen, Alkohol- und Drogenmissbrauch
  • Bei oxidativem Stress (z. B. durch Läsionen, Verbrennungen und Infektionen)
  • Bei physischem und psychischem Stress
  • Bei übermäßigem Verzehr von Zucker

Gegenanzeigen für die Einnahme

  • Vorsicht ist geboten bei:
  • Eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion und Neigung zu Nierensteinen
  • Krankheiten, bei denen sich Eisen im Körper anreichern kann
  • Durchfall
  • Einnahme von Blutverdünnern

Wenden Sie sich im Zweifel an Ihren Arzt

Überdosierung - Nebenwirkungen

Eine Überdosierung kommt nur selten vor, da überschüssige Mengen Vitamin C mit dem Urin ausgeschieden werden. Dosen, die zwei Gramm täglich übersteigen (insbesondere in Form reiner Ascorbinsäure), können Durchfall, Übelkeit, Reizungen der Blase und ein erhöhtes Nierensteinrisiko verursachen. Hierbei scheint es sich jedoch lediglich um ein theoretisches Risiko zu handeln, da Nierensteine infolge einer Ascorbinsäureeinnahme praktisch nicht vorkommen.

Synthetische Herstellung und Zusatzstoffe

Die synthetische Erzeugung von Ascorbinsäure und Ascorbaten ist sehr einfach. Diese Verbindungen werden vor allem in Vitamin-C-Präparaten eingesetzt. Die Lebensmittelindustrie verwendet diese Stoffe als Antioxidanzien und ungefährliche Konservierungsstoffe zur Verhinderung von Oxidation. Die zugehörigen E-Nummern lauten: 300, 301, 302, und 304.

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  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`384μs3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`tag_id`,`t`.* FROM `has_contentitem_tag_map` AS `m` INNER JOIN `has_tags` AS `t` ON `m`.`tag_id` = `t`.`id` WHERE `m`.`type_alias` = :contentType AND `m`.`content_item_id` = :id AND `t`.`published` = 1 AND `t`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)6.08ms4.03KBParams/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php:388Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`391μs3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM has_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `has_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN has_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN has_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN has_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN has_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id LEFT JOIN `has_fields_categories` AS fc ON fc.field_id = a.id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND (`fc`.`category_id` IS NULL OR `fc`.`category_id` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2,:preparedArray3)) AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray4,:preparedArray5)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray6,:preparedArray7)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray8,:preparedArray9) ORDER BY a.ordering ASC303μs4.81KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id1.97ms1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id1.81ms1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`language`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`a`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `a`.`id`, `a`.`alias`) ELSE a.id END AS `slug`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`cc`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `cc`.`id`, `cc`.`alias`) ELSE cc.id END AS `catslug` FROM `has_content` AS `a` LEFT JOIN `has_categories` AS `cc` ON `cc`.`id` = `a`.`catid` WHERE `a`.`catid` = :catid AND `a`.`state` = :state AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND (`publish_up` IS NULL OR `publish_up` <= :nowDate1) AND (`publish_down` IS NULL OR `publish_down` >= :nowDate2) AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) ORDER BY CASE WHEN `a`.`publish_up` IS NULL THEN `a`.`created` ELSE `a`.`publish_up` END1.54ms2.38KBParams/plugins/content/pagenavigation/src/Extension/PageNavigation.php:188Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`4.73ms3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT custom_data FROM has_extensions WHERE element = 'yootheme' AND folder = 'system' LIMIT 1128μs536B/templates/yootheme/packages/platform-joomla/src/Storage.php:30Copy
  • SELECT `language`,`id` FROM `has_menu` WHERE `home` = '1' AND `published` = 1 AND `client_id` = 0361μs704B/libraries/src/Language/Multilanguage.php:123Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id6.05ms1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id1.07ms1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `c2`.`language`,CONCAT_WS(':', `c2`.`id`, `c2`.`alias`) AS `id`,CONCAT_WS(':', `ca`.`id`, `ca`.`alias`) AS `catid` FROM `has_content` AS `c` INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a` ON `a`.`id` = `c`.`id` AND `a`.`context` = :context INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a2` ON `a`.`key` = `a2`.`key` INNER JOIN `has_content` AS `c2` ON `a2`.`id` = `c2`.`id` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `ca` ON `c2`.`catid` = `ca`.`id` AND `ca`.`extension` = :extension2 WHERE `c`.`id` = :id AND c2.access IN (1,5) AND c2.language != 'de-DE' AND (c2.publish_up IS NULL OR c2.publish_up <= '2025-01-30 21:27:17') AND (c2.publish_down IS NULL OR c2.publish_down >= '2025-01-30 21:27:17') AND c2.state = 1298μs1.47KBParams/libraries/src/Language/Associations.php:145Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`id`,`m`.`title`,`m`.`module`,`m`.`position`,`m`.`content`,`m`.`showtitle`,`m`.`params`,`mm`.`menuid` FROM `has_modules` AS `m` LEFT JOIN `has_modules_menu` AS `mm` ON `mm`.`moduleid` = `m`.`id` LEFT JOIN `has_extensions` AS `e` ON `e`.`element` = `m`.`module` AND `e`.`client_id` = `m`.`client_id` WHERE ( ( (`m`.`published` = 1 AND `e`.`enabled` = 1 AND `m`.`client_id` = :clientId AND `m`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown)) AND (`mm`.`menuid` = :itemId OR `mm`.`menuid` <= 0) AND `m`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) ORDER BY `m`.`position`,`m`.`ordering`8.39ms149.34KBParams/libraries/src/Cache/Controller/CallbackController.php:51Copy
  • SELECT `c2`.`language`,`c2`.`id` FROM `has_menu` AS `c` INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a` ON `a`.`id` = `c`.`id` AND `a`.`context` = :context INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a2` ON `a`.`key` = `a2`.`key` INNER JOIN `has_menu` AS `c2` ON `a2`.`id` = `c2`.`id` WHERE `c`.`id` = :id139μs1.38KBParams/libraries/src/Language/Associations.php:145Copy
  • SELECT `name`,`element` FROM `has_extensions` WHERE `type` = 'plugin' AND `folder` = 'finder' AND `enabled` = 15.1ms640B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Helper/LanguageHelper.php:135Copy
  • SELECT `title` FROM `has_finder_taxonomy` WHERE `parent_id` = 1 AND `state` = 1 AND `access` IN (1,5)139μs584B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Indexer/Taxonomy.php:314Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM has_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `has_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN has_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN has_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN has_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN has_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6) ORDER BY a.ordering ASC1.71ms4.75KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `title` FROM `has_finder_taxonomy` WHERE `parent_id` = 1 AND `state` = 1 AND `access` IN (1,5)143μs584B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Indexer/Taxonomy.php:314Copy
  • SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`next_execution` <= :now THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS due_count,SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`locked` IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END) AS locked_count FROM `has_scheduler_tasks` AS `a` WHERE `a`.`state` = 1119μs1.37KBParams/administrator/components/com_scheduler/src/Model/TasksModel.php:466Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`3.3ms3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `session_id` FROM `has_session` WHERE `session_id` = ?98μs1KBParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:291Copy
  • UPDATE `has_session` SET `data` = ? , `time` = ? WHERE `session_id` = ?1.97ms592BParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:318Copy