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C-vitamin forhindrer kræft ved at regulere stamcellefunktioner

C-vitamin forhindrer kræft ved at regulere stamcellefunktionerIfølge tre nyere studier kan C-vitamin hjælpe gener til at dræbe ukontrollerede stamceller, der forårsager leukæmi. C-vitamin kan således have en forebyggende effekt. Men i forbindelse med en eventuel behandling er det ikke nok med et par appelsiner om dagen eller almindelige tilskud. For her bør C-vitamin gives intravenøst i langt større doser. Det har man faktisk givet i de såkaldte redoxbehandlinger i årtier. På denne måde virker C-vitaminet via helt andre mekanismer, der dræber kræftceller.

Stamceller kan optage usædvanligt store mængder C-vitamin (ascorbinsyre), som bidrager til at regulere stamcellernes funktioner og forhindre udvikling af leukæmi. Det fremgår af et nyere studie fra Children´s Medical Center Research Institute UT Southwestern (CRI) i Texas.
Forskerne har længe vidst, at folk med lave niveauer af ascorbinsyre har en større risiko for at udvikle kræft, men de har ikke helt forstået hvorfor. Så nu er forskerne kommet et skridt videre.
Ellers har man ikke vidst så meget om stamcellernes stofskifte, fordi der kræves mange celler i analysen, og fordi der ikke er så mange stamceller i de enkelte væv. Men nu har en ny teknik i forbindelse med studiet givet forskerne mulighed for at måle stofskifteprocesserne i sjældne celletyper som stamceller.
Forskerne opdagede, at hver eneste blodcelle i knoglemarven har forskellige stofskifteprocesser, hvor de optager forskellige næringsstoffer på deres egen måde. En af mekanismerne er således, at de optager udsædvanligt store mængder ascorbinsyre.

Fakta om stamceller og leukæmi

  • Stamceller kan gennemgå et ubegrænset antal celledelinger, og de modnes til flere celletyper
  • I knoglemarven findes de stamceller, hvorfra de hvide og røde blodlegemer dannes med stor hastighed.
  • Leukæmi er en fællesbetegnelse for forskellige kræftformer, der udgår fra de hvide blodlegemer. Der kan både være fejl i modning og i celledeling.

Mangel på ascorbinsyre får stamceller til at gå amok

For at undersøge processen nærmere, og hvorvidt ascorbinsyre er vigtigt for stamcellernes funktioner, brugte forskerne mus, som manglede gulonolacetone oxidase (Gulo). Der er et enzym, som de fleste pattedyr, men ikke mennesker, bruger til at danne deres eget ascorbinsyre. Musene kunne altså ikke danne ascorbinsyre og skulle udelukkende have vitaminet fra kosten ligesom mennesker.
På den måde kunne forskerne sammenligne mus og mennesker med hensyn til ascorbinsyre. Forskerne forventede, at de mus, der manglede ascorbinsyre, ville få nedsat deres funktioner i stamcellerne, men der skete det stik modsatte: Stamcellerne gik nærmest amok, og det førte til flere tilfælde af leukæmi.

Fakta om C-vitamin (ascorbinsyre)

  • De fleste dyr kan selv danne C-vitamin efter behov, men mennesker har mistet evnen under evolutionen.
  • Gode kilder er frugt og grønt.
  • Mangler og dårlig udnyttelse af C-vitamin forårsages af sukker, alkohol, tobaksrygning, infektioner, stress, for lidt mavesyre, p-piller og sovemedicin.

Ascorbinsyre regulerer stamcellernes gener

Ifølge dr. med. Machalis Agathocleous, som var lederen af studiet, bruger stamcellerne ascorbinsyre til at regulere en række aktiveringer af cellernes DNA – nærmere betegnet cellernes epigenom, som er et sæt mekanismer inde i cellen, der regulerer, hvilke gener, der skal tændes for og slukkes for.
Når stamcellerne ikke modtager nok ascorbinsyre, kan epigenomet blive ødelagt på en måde, der speeder stamcellernes funktion og dermed øger risikoen for leukæmi.

Ascorbinsyre påvirker et vigtigt gen

Forskerne fra CRI i Texas afslørede, at mangel på ascorbinsyre hæmmer et humant gen kaldet Tet2, som har betydning for stamcellernes normale udvikling. Mangel på ascorbinsyre kan således føre til mutationer, der inaktiverer dette gen og fører til de første stadier af leukæmi.
Det har tidligere været en gåde, hvorfor nogle patienter med forstadier til blodkræft udvikler leukæmi, og andre ikke gør. I henhold til studiet kan mangel på ascorbinsyre være den afgørende faktor. Ifølge forskerne bør disse patienter under alle omstændigheder sikre sig, at de får 100 procent af de anbefalede mængder.
I fremtiden vil forskerne undersøge nærmere, hvilken rolle ascorbinsyre spiller for stamcellefunktioner samt degenerationer af celler og væv.

Andre studier bekræfter, at ascorbinsyre kan få blodkræftceller til at dø

Et nyere studie, som blev udført af forskere fra Pearlmutter Cancer Center i USA, har ligeledes afsløret, hvordan ascorbinsyre kan få stamceller i knoglemarven til at udvikle sig og dø på normal vis, i stedet for at dele sig eksplosivt og forårsage blodkræft.
Forskerne har endvidere fundet mutationer i Tet2 genet hos 10 procent af patienter med akut myeloid leukæmi (AML), hos 30 procent af patienter med pre-leukæmi kaldet myelodysplastisk syndrom og hos næsten 50 procent af patienter med kronisk myelomonocytær leukæmi.
Disse kræfttyper forårsager anæmi, øget risiko for infektioner og blødninger, mens de abnorme stamceller deler sig i knoglemarven, indtil de går i blodet.
Forskerne kom også nærmere ind på, hvordan der er et forhold mellem Tet2 genet og cytosin, som er en af de fire nukleinsyrer, der udgør genernes DNA koder.

Ascorbinsyre har betydning for Tet2 genet, så stamcellerne kan fungere normalt

Mutationer i Tet2 genet er involveret i omkring 42.000 tilfælde af kræft hvert år, alene i USA.

Injektioner med C-vitamin modvirker leukæmi og forbedrer kemobehandling

Luisa Cimino og Benjamin Neel fra New York University School of Medicin har ligeledes observeret, hvordan mus, der har mutationer i Tet2 genet, har en øget risiko for, at stamcellerne deler sig ukontrolleret og fører til kræft.
Forskerne gik et skridt videre, og hver dag i 24 uger gav de mus med en lav Tet2 aktivitet injektioner med høje doser ascorbinsyre. Forskerne fandt, at disse indsprøjtninger hæmmede udviklingen af leukæmi. I slutningen af forsøgsperioden havde kontrolgruppen af mus, der ikke fik injektioner, tre gange så mange hvide blodlegemer, hvilket er et tegn på pre-leukæmi.
Da forskerne udsatte humane kræftceller for kemo, opstod der ligeledes bedre resultater, når kemoen blev kombineret med ascorbinsyre.

Appelsiner er ikke nok

Luisa Cimino og Benjamin Neel håber, at store doser ascorbinsyre kan blive integreret i de gængse kræftbehandlinger. Patienter, der har akut myeloid leukæmi, er ofte oppe i årene, og de dør måske af kemoterapien eller af underernæring, fordi de har kvalme og mistet appetitten. På den måde kan ascorbinsyre i kombination med kemoterapi forbedre mulighederne for at overleve.
Men ifølge Benjamin Neel er det ikke muligt at få de terapeutiske doser ved at spise appelsiner. For musene fik 100 milligram ascorbinyre i hver injektion, som godt nok er det samme som indholdet i to appelsiner. Men et menneske vejer jo op til 3.000 gange så meget som en mus. Og da kroppen kun kan optage omkring 500 milligram, er man nødt til at injicere vitaminet, så det kan komme i blodet og ud til cellerne.

Redoxbehandling med ascorbinsyre dræber kræftceller via andre mekanismer

I et tidligere studie, som er publiceret i Redox Biology, afslører Buettner og hans forskerteam hvordan injektioner med ascorbinsyre dræber kræftceller via andre mekanismer. I en enkelt behandling, der kaldes for redox, får patienten injiceret omkring 100 gram ascorbinsyre over et par timer. Det sker så det, at den store mængde ascorbinsyre genererer hydrogenperoxid (brintoverilte), der optræder som frie radikaler og kan beskadige celler og DNA. Hydrogenperoxid er også et biprodukt af cellernes egen energiomsætning. Men i modsætning til normale, sunde celler, har kræftceller vanskeligere ved at nedbryde det skadelige hydrogenperoxid, fordi de har lave niveauer af enzymet katalase. Derfor er kræftceller langt mere sårbare og tilbøjelige til at blive skadet og dræbt af de høje mængder hydrogenperoxid, som genereres, når ascorbinsyre gives intravenøst. På den måde virker ascorbinsyre som en mere naturlig kemoterapi uden bivirkninger, idet man udnytter forskellen på kræftceller og normale celler.

Katalaseaktivitet som rettesnor for kræftbehandling

Ifølge Buettner ser det ud til, at kræftceller med lave niveauer af katalase er mere sårbare over for høje doser ascorbinsyre, og at kræftceller med mere katalaseaktivitet er mindre sårbare. Ved at måle katalaseniveauerne i patienternes tumorer kan man således vurdere, om de høje doser ascorbinsyre vil have en positiv effekt.

Redoxbehandling har været anvendt i årtier – også af enkelte danske læger

Redoxbehandling med høje doser ascorbinsyre, som gives intravenøst, har faktisk været anvendt i over 30 år med positive resultater. Men i Danmark udføres redoxbehandling kun af få privatpraktiserende speciallæger, og behandlingen inkluderer også tilskud med andre antioxidanter samt kostjustering.
Ikke desto mindre kan alle de nye forskningsresultater bidrage til, at det offentlige sundhedssystem efterhånden får øje på ascorbinsyres anvendelsesmuligheder og tager det livsvigtige vitamin i brug.

Forebyggelse og lille regnestykke

I det daglige er det vigtigt at være velforsynet med C-vitamin, da det har mange andre funktioner i kroppen. Gode kilder er frugt og grønt. RI er sat til 80 mg, men denne mængde er kun vejledende, da nogle mennesker kan have et større behov.
Til eksempel skal man spise omkring 12 appelsiner eller 53 æbler for at få den samme mængde C-vitamin, som er i en tablet på 750 mg.

Vælg syreneutrale tilskud – også til husapoteket

Salte af ascorbinsyre kaldes for ascorbater. De bruges også i syreneutrale tilskud, der indeholder natriumascorbat eller calciumascorbat. De syreneutrale tilskud er mere skånsomme for slimhinderne i mave-tarmkanalen.

Referencer

Scientists discover vitamin C regulates stem cell function, curbs leukemia development
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-08-scientists-vitamin-stem-cell-function.html

Vitamin C may encourage blood cancer stem cells to die
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-08-vitamin-blood-cancer-stem-cells.html

Vitamin C may encourage blood cancer stem cells to die – ScienceDaily
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170817141722.htm

Vitamin C Blocks Leukemia Progression in Mice | The Scientist Magazine®
http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/50111/title/Vitamin-C-Blocks-Leukemia-Progression-in-Mice/

Vitamin C helps genes to kill off cells that would cause cancer | New Scientist
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2144410-vitamin-c-helps-genes-to-kill-off-cells-that-would-cause-cancer/

https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamcelle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet_methylcytosine_dioxygenase_2

Claire M Doskey et al. Why high-dose vitamin C kills cancer cells. ScienceDaily. 2017
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/01/170109134014.htm

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27833040

http://www.vitamindoktor.com/cm447/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalase

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  • SELECT `b`.`id` FROM `has_usergroups` AS `a` LEFT JOIN `has_usergroups` AS `b` ON `b`.`lft` <= `a`.`lft` AND `b`.`rgt` >= `a`.`rgt` WHERE `a`.`id` = :guest7.38ms1.33KBParams/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:868Copy
  • SELECT `folder` AS `type`,`element` AS `name`,`params` AS `params`,`extension_id` AS `id` FROM `has_extensions` WHERE `enabled` = 1 AND `type` = 'plugin' AND `state` IN (0,1) AND `access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) ORDER BY `ordering`13.91ms3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:294Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `has_languages` WHERE `published` = 1 ORDER BY `ordering` ASC120μs2.33KB/libraries/src/Language/LanguageHelper.php:142Copy
  • SELECT `element`,`name`,`client_id`,`extension_id` FROM `has_extensions` WHERE `type` = 'language' AND `state` = 0 AND `enabled` = 1112μs1008B/libraries/src/Language/LanguageHelper.php:213Copy
  • SELECT * FROM has_rsform_config178μs1.06KB/administrator/components/com_rsform/helpers/config.php:52Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`id`,`m`.`menutype`,`m`.`title`,`m`.`alias`,`m`.`note`,`m`.`link`,`m`.`type`,`m`.`level`,`m`.`language`,`m`.`browserNav`,`m`.`access`,`m`.`params`,`m`.`home`,`m`.`img`,`m`.`template_style_id`,`m`.`component_id`,`m`.`parent_id`,`m`.`path` AS `route`,`e`.`element` AS `component` FROM `has_menu` AS `m` LEFT JOIN `has_extensions` AS `e` ON `m`.`component_id` = `e`.`extension_id` WHERE ( (`m`.`published` = 1 AND `m`.`parent_id` > 0 AND `m`.`client_id` = 0) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :currentDate1)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :currentDate2) ORDER BY `m`.`lft`1.71ms165.8KBParams/libraries/src/Menu/SiteMenu.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`2.61ms3.92KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`home`,`template`,`s`.`params`,`inheritable`,`parent` FROM `has_template_styles` AS `s` LEFT JOIN `has_extensions` AS `e` ON `e`.`element` = `s`.`template` AND `e`.`type` = 'template' AND `e`.`client_id` = `s`.`client_id` WHERE `s`.`client_id` = 0 AND `e`.`enabled` = 1202μs848B/administrator/components/com_templates/src/Model/StyleModel.php:773Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`name`,`rules`,`parent_id` FROM `has_assets` WHERE `name` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2,:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4,:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6,:preparedArray7,:preparedArray8,:preparedArray9,:preparedArray10,:preparedArray11,:preparedArray12,:preparedArray13,:preparedArray14,:preparedArray15,:preparedArray16,:preparedArray17,:preparedArray18,:preparedArray19,:preparedArray20,:preparedArray21,:preparedArray22,:preparedArray23,:preparedArray24,:preparedArray25,:preparedArray26,:preparedArray27,:preparedArray28,:preparedArray29,:preparedArray30,:preparedArray31,:preparedArray32,:preparedArray33,:preparedArray34,:preparedArray35,:preparedArray36,:preparedArray37,:preparedArray38,:preparedArray39,:preparedArray40)3.63ms7.44KBParams/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:357Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`name`,`rules`,`parent_id` FROM `has_assets` WHERE `name` LIKE :asset OR `name` = :extension OR `parent_id` = 016.57ms397.48KBParams/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:301Copy
  • SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `has_content`13.21ms3.02KB/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:625Copy
  • UPDATE `has_content` SET `hits` = (`hits` + 1) WHERE `id` = '1297'4.04ms48B/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:1325Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`asset_id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`alias`,`a`.`introtext`,`a`.`fulltext`,`a`.`state`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`created`,`a`.`created_by`,`a`.`created_by_alias`,`a`.`modified`,`a`.`modified_by`,`a`.`checked_out`,`a`.`checked_out_time`,`a`.`publish_up`,`a`.`publish_down`,`a`.`images`,`a`.`urls`,`a`.`attribs`,`a`.`version`,`a`.`ordering`,`a`.`metakey`,`a`.`metadesc`,`a`.`access`,`a`.`hits`,`a`.`metadata`,`a`.`featured`,`a`.`language`,`fp`.`featured_up`,`fp`.`featured_down`,`c`.`title` AS `category_title`,`c`.`alias` AS `category_alias`,`c`.`access` AS `category_access`,`c`.`language` AS `category_language`,`fp`.`ordering`,`u`.`name` AS `author`,`parent`.`title` AS `parent_title`,`parent`.`id` AS `parent_id`,`parent`.`path` AS `parent_route`,`parent`.`alias` AS `parent_alias`,`parent`.`language` AS `parent_language`,ROUND(`v`.`rating_sum` / `v`.`rating_count`, 1) AS `rating`,`v`.`rating_count` AS `rating_count` FROM `has_content` AS `a` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON `c`.`id` = `a`.`catid` LEFT JOIN `has_content_frontpage` AS `fp` ON `fp`.`content_id` = `a`.`id` LEFT JOIN `has_users` AS `u` ON `u`.`id` = `a`.`created_by` LEFT JOIN `has_categories` AS `parent` ON `parent`.`id` = `c`.`parent_id` LEFT JOIN `has_content_rating` AS `v` ON `a`.`id` = `v`.`content_id` WHERE ( (`a`.`id` = :pk AND `c`.`published` > 0 AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`a`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`a`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown) AND `a`.`state` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)10ms22.19KBParams/components/com_content/src/Model/ArticleModel.php:215Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`13.04ms3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`tag_id`,`t`.* FROM `has_contentitem_tag_map` AS `m` INNER JOIN `has_tags` AS `t` ON `m`.`tag_id` = `t`.`id` WHERE `m`.`type_alias` = :contentType AND `m`.`content_item_id` = :id AND `t`.`published` = 1 AND `t`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)24.36ms4.11KBParams/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php:388Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`9.93ms3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM has_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `has_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN has_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN has_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN has_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN has_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id LEFT JOIN `has_fields_categories` AS fc ON fc.field_id = a.id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND (`fc`.`category_id` IS NULL OR `fc`.`category_id` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2,:preparedArray3)) AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray4,:preparedArray5)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray6,:preparedArray7)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray8,:preparedArray9) ORDER BY a.ordering ASC3.05ms4.81KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id1.85ms1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id690μs1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`id`,`m`.`title`,`m`.`module`,`m`.`position`,`m`.`content`,`m`.`showtitle`,`m`.`params`,`mm`.`menuid` FROM `has_modules` AS `m` LEFT JOIN `has_modules_menu` AS `mm` ON `mm`.`moduleid` = `m`.`id` LEFT JOIN `has_extensions` AS `e` ON `e`.`element` = `m`.`module` AND `e`.`client_id` = `m`.`client_id` WHERE ( ( (`m`.`published` = 1 AND `e`.`enabled` = 1 AND `m`.`client_id` = :clientId AND `m`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown)) AND (`mm`.`menuid` = :itemId OR `mm`.`menuid` <= 0) AND `m`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) ORDER BY `m`.`position`,`m`.`ordering`42.85ms261.84KBParams/libraries/src/Cache/Controller/CallbackController.php:51Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`language`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`a`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `a`.`id`, `a`.`alias`) ELSE a.id END AS `slug`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`cc`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `cc`.`id`, `cc`.`alias`) ELSE cc.id END AS `catslug` FROM `has_content` AS `a` LEFT JOIN `has_categories` AS `cc` ON `cc`.`id` = `a`.`catid` WHERE `a`.`catid` = :catid AND `a`.`state` = :state AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND (`publish_up` IS NULL OR `publish_up` <= :nowDate1) AND (`publish_down` IS NULL OR `publish_down` >= :nowDate2) AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) ORDER BY CASE WHEN `a`.`publish_up` IS NULL THEN `a`.`created` ELSE `a`.`publish_up` END DESC98ms161.75KBParams/plugins/content/pagenavigation/src/Extension/PageNavigation.php:188Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`1.81ms3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT custom_data FROM has_extensions WHERE element = 'yootheme' AND folder = 'system' LIMIT 11.98ms536B/templates/yootheme/packages/platform-joomla/src/Storage.php:30Copy
  • SELECT `language`,`id` FROM `has_menu` WHERE `home` = '1' AND `published` = 1 AND `client_id` = 01.93ms704B/libraries/src/Language/Multilanguage.php:123Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id405μs1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id136μs1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `c2`.`language`,CONCAT_WS(':', `c2`.`id`, `c2`.`alias`) AS `id`,CONCAT_WS(':', `ca`.`id`, `ca`.`alias`) AS `catid` FROM `has_content` AS `c` INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a` ON `a`.`id` = `c`.`id` AND `a`.`context` = :context INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a2` ON `a`.`key` = `a2`.`key` INNER JOIN `has_content` AS `c2` ON `a2`.`id` = `c2`.`id` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `ca` ON `c2`.`catid` = `ca`.`id` AND `ca`.`extension` = :extension2 WHERE `c`.`id` = :id AND c2.access IN (1,5) AND c2.language != 'da-DK' AND (c2.publish_up IS NULL OR c2.publish_up <= '2025-01-30 20:51:42') AND (c2.publish_down IS NULL OR c2.publish_down >= '2025-01-30 20:51:42') AND c2.state = 16.97ms4.05KBParams/libraries/src/Language/Associations.php:145Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug`,( SELECT COUNT(`i`.`id`) FROM `has_content` AS `i` WHERE `i`.`catid` = `c`.`id` AND `i`.`state` = 1 AND `i`.`language` IN (:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6)) AS `numitems` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`109ms4.05KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`alias`,`a`.`introtext`,`a`.`fulltext`,`a`.`checked_out`,`a`.`checked_out_time`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`created`,`a`.`created_by`,`a`.`created_by_alias`,`a`.`modified`,`a`.`modified_by`,CASE WHEN `a`.`publish_up` IS NULL THEN `a`.`created` ELSE `a`.`publish_up` END AS `publish_up`,`a`.`publish_down`,`a`.`images`,`a`.`urls`,`a`.`attribs`,`a`.`metadata`,`a`.`metakey`,`a`.`metadesc`,`a`.`access`,`a`.`hits`,`a`.`featured`,`a`.`language`,LENGTH(`a`.`fulltext`) AS `readmore`,`a`.`ordering`,`fp`.`featured_up`,`fp`.`featured_down`,CASE WHEN `c`.`published` = 2 AND `a`.`state` > 0 THEN 2 WHEN `c`.`published` != 1 THEN 0 ELSE `a`.`state` END AS `state`,`c`.`title` AS `category_title`,`c`.`path` AS `category_route`,`c`.`access` AS `category_access`,`c`.`alias` AS `category_alias`,`c`.`language` AS `category_language`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`published` AS `parents_published`,`c`.`lft`,CASE WHEN `a`.`created_by_alias` > ' ' THEN `a`.`created_by_alias` ELSE `ua`.`name` END AS `author`,`ua`.`email` AS `author_email`,`uam`.`name` AS `modified_by_name`,`parent`.`title` AS `parent_title`,`parent`.`id` AS `parent_id`,`parent`.`path` AS `parent_route`,`parent`.`alias` AS `parent_alias`,`parent`.`language` AS `parent_language`,COALESCE(NULLIF(ROUND(`v`.`rating_sum` / `v`.`rating_count`, 1), 0), 0) AS `rating`,COALESCE(NULLIF(`v`.`rating_count`, 0), 0) AS `rating_count` FROM `has_content` AS `a` LEFT JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON `c`.`id` = `a`.`catid` LEFT JOIN `has_users` AS `ua` ON `ua`.`id` = `a`.`created_by` LEFT JOIN `has_users` AS `uam` ON `uam`.`id` = `a`.`modified_by` LEFT JOIN `has_categories` AS `parent` ON `parent`.`id` = `c`.`parent_id` LEFT JOIN `has_content_frontpage` AS `fp` ON `fp`.`content_id` = `a`.`id` LEFT JOIN `has_content_rating` AS `v` ON `a`.`id` = `v`.`content_id` WHERE `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `a`.`state` = :condition AND `a`.`catid` IN (:preparedArray5) AND (`a`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp) AND (`a`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown) AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray6,:preparedArray7) ORDER BY RAND() ASC LIMIT 15491ms231.28KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT MAX(`tag_id`) AS `tag_id`,COUNT(*) AS `count`,MAX(`t`.`title`) AS `title`,MAX(`t`.`access`) AS `access`,MAX(`t`.`alias`) AS `alias`,MAX(`t`.`params`) AS `params`,MAX(`t`.`language`) AS `language` FROM `has_contentitem_tag_map` AS `m` INNER JOIN `has_ucm_content` AS `ucm` ON `m`.`content_item_id` = `ucm`.`core_content_item_id` AND `m`.`type_id` = `ucm`.`core_type_id` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `cat` ON `ucm`.`core_catid` = `cat`.`id` INNER JOIN `has_tags` AS `t` ON `tag_id` = `t`.`id` INNER JOIN `has_ucm_content` AS `c` ON `m`.`core_content_id` = `c`.`core_content_id` WHERE `t`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `t`.`published` = 1 AND `cat`.`published` > 0 AND `t`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) AND `m`.`type_alias` = `c`.`core_type_alias` AND `c`.`core_state` = 1 AND (`c`.`core_access` IN (:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6) OR `c`.`core_access` = 0) AND (`c`.`core_publish_up` IS NULL OR `c`.`core_publish_up` = :nullDate2 OR `c`.`core_publish_up` <= :nowDate2) AND (`c`.`core_publish_down` IS NULL OR `c`.`core_publish_down` = :nullDate3 OR `c`.`core_publish_down` >= :nowDate3) GROUP BY `tag_id`,`t`.`title`,`t`.`access`,`t`.`alias` ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 15556ms2.75KBParams/modules/mod_tags_popular/src/Helper/TagsPopularHelper.php:183Copy
  • SELECT `c2`.`language`,`c2`.`id` FROM `has_menu` AS `c` INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a` ON `a`.`id` = `c`.`id` AND `a`.`context` = :context INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a2` ON `a`.`key` = `a2`.`key` INNER JOIN `has_menu` AS `c2` ON `a2`.`id` = `c2`.`id` WHERE `c`.`id` = :id3.93ms1.44KBParams/libraries/src/Language/Associations.php:145Copy
  • SELECT `name`,`element` FROM `has_extensions` WHERE `type` = 'plugin' AND `folder` = 'finder' AND `enabled` = 15.35ms640B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Helper/LanguageHelper.php:135Copy
  • SELECT `title` FROM `has_finder_taxonomy` WHERE `parent_id` = 1 AND `state` = 1 AND `access` IN (1,5)2.26ms584B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Indexer/Taxonomy.php:314Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM has_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `has_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN has_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN has_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN has_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN has_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6) ORDER BY a.ordering ASC6.85ms4.75KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `title` FROM `has_finder_taxonomy` WHERE `parent_id` = 1 AND `state` = 1 AND `access` IN (1,5)129μs584B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Indexer/Taxonomy.php:314Copy
  • SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`next_execution` <= :now THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS due_count,SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`locked` IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END) AS locked_count FROM `has_scheduler_tasks` AS `a` WHERE `a`.`state` = 1150μs1.37KBParams/administrator/components/com_scheduler/src/Model/TasksModel.php:466Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`326μs4KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `session_id` FROM `has_session` WHERE `session_id` = ?6.66ms1KBParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:291Copy
  • UPDATE `has_session` SET `data` = ? , `time` = ? WHERE `session_id` = ?4.52ms592BParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:318Copy