Skip to main content

Melatonin can help against sleep problems during menopause

Melatonin can help against sleep problems during menopauseMany women suffer from severe sleep problems during their menopause and it often reduces their work capability and quality of life. Supplementation with the natural sleep hormone, melatonin, may improve their sleep, according to a study that is published in Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology. The authors also mention that melatonin helps regulate the sex hormone balance and other metabolic processes that are important for good sleep.

We humans synthesize our own melatonin but when menopause approaches, women may experience a significant drop in the body’s melatonin production which can affect their sleep. In the new study, the scientists wanted to see how melatonin supplementation affected sleep disturbances in women during this particular stage of their life. A total of 120 perimenopausal women took part in the trial. Perimenopause is the time that passes from you stop having your periods and have gone trough 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. After that, a woman has officially reached her menopause. The women in this study were divided into the following three groups:

  1. Women without sleep disturbances
  2. Women with sleep disturbances who were treated with 3 mg of melatonin daily for three months
  3. Women with sleep disturbances who were not treated with melatonin

During the period from March to December 2019, blood samples were taken and the following data was collected from the members of the three groups and analyzed afterwards:

  • Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
  • Levels of sex hormones
  • Melatonin levels
  • Levels of melatonin 1A receptor (MTNR1A)
  • Levels of various kinases (KA, ERK1/2, p-ERK 1/2) that are enzymes with a number of different functions

It turned out that melatonin supplementation had the following effect on perimenopausal women with sleep disturbances:

  • Significantly improved PSQI score that reflects better sleep quality
  • Upregulation of melatonin levels and melatonin 1A receptor (MTNR1A)
  • Improved activity of the kinase enzymes PKA and ERK1/2 in the blood
  • Significant improved levels of hormones such as FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), and estradiol
  • No significant effect was seen with regard to levels of progesterone, testosterone, or prolactin

The scientists therefore concluded that melatonin supplementation of women during their perimenopause can help improve the quality of their sleep and improve their hormone balance.

Why good sleep and melatonin are important for our health

When we sleep, we digest our food and recharge physically and mentally. Also, toxic metabolic waste that has accumulated during the day is cleared from the brain. For that reason, a good and deep sleep is of utmost importance to our physical and mental well-being.
Melatonin plays a vital role in this connection. However, melatonin is also a very important antioxidant that protects our cells against oxidative stress and DNA damage.
On the other hand, lack of melatonin and the absence of sufficient high-quality sleep increases the risk of many diseases and poor well-being. Several studies have shown that perimenopausal women often have difficulty with falling asleep, they wake up during the night, or they lie awake because the produce too little melatonin.

Melatonin synthesis and why many women sleep worse than men

Melatonin is primarily synthesized by the pineal gland that has a direct nerve connection to the eyes. When daylight reaches the retina, information is passed on to the pineal gland. We start by producing serotonin, a melatonin precursor that affects our mood. When it gets dark outside, our melatonin synthesis begins.
Our natural melatonin synthesis depends on the interchange between daylight and darkness. The nervous system and hormone balance are also important for our melatonin synthesis. Moreover, women, as they are designed to give birth to babies, have a more sensitive hormone balance. Because of that, they sleep worse than men and that is a particular problem during perimenopause due to the hormone changes. Imbalances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis are known to contribute to poor sleep, and the authors address melatonin’s role with regard to sex hormone production.

Other factors that inhibit the melatonin synthesis

The natural melatonin synthesis in men and women decreases with age because the pineal gland calcifies. A person who is 60 will only produce half as much melatonin as someone who is 20. It is also known that nightshift work and jet-lag are able to disrupt the body’s melatonin synthesis and the same is the case with lack of daylight and overexposure to artificial light at night. Blue light that is emitted from device screen and LED bulbs is especially bad. Coffee, alcohol, and other stimulants can also block the body’s melatonin synthesis.

Melatonin supplements during menopause and other stages of life

Melatonin is one of the most widely sold preparations in the world, especially in the countries where it is available in supplement form, unlike in Denmark where it requires a prescription. Taking melatonin can compensate for a reduced endogenous synthesis of the compound. In contrast to many types of sleep medication, melatonin is normally without side effects. Most tablets contain three milligrams of melatonin and the normal dose is one tablet to be taken half an hour or an hour before bedtime

References:

Puxiang Chen, Qinghua Zhang, Ting Zhang. Melatonin Alleviates Perimenopausal Sleep Disorder by Regulating the Expression of MTN1A and Hormone Level: A Retrospective Study. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2023

Samir Malhorta et al. The Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin: A Review of the Science. Medscape January 10, 2019

  • Created on .
8.721MBMemory Usage718msRequest Duration
Joomla! Version4.4.4
PHP Version8.3.6
Identityguest
Response200
Templateyootheme
Database
Server
mysql
Version
8.0.40-0ubuntu0.24.04.1
Collation
latin1_swedish_ci
Conn Collation
utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
$_GET
[]
$_POST
[]
$_SESSION
array:1 [ "joomla" => "***redacted***" ]
$_COOKIE
[]
$_SERVER
array:46 [ "REDIRECT_HTTP_AUTHORIZATION" => "" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI"...
session
array:3 [ "counter" => 1 "timer" => array:3 [ "start" => 1740246073 "last" => 1740246073...
registry
array:3 [ "data" => [] "initialized" => false "separator" => "." ]
user
array:18 [ "id" => 0 "name" => null "username" => null "email" => null "password" => "***r...
plg_system_languagefilter
array:1 [ "language" => "en-GB" ]
  • afterLoad (456.41KB) (449μs)
  • afterInitialise (1.27MB) (41.97ms)
  • afterRoute (897.2KB) (13.13ms)
  • beforeRenderComponent com_content (23.02KB) (214μs)
  • Before Access::preloadComponents (all components) (33.23KB) (216μs)
  • After Access::preloadComponents (all components) (97.34KB) (6.44ms)
  • Before Access::preloadPermissions (com_content) (1.6KB) (21μs)
  • After Access::preloadPermissions (com_content) (3.2MB) (22.21ms)
  • Before Access::getAssetRules (id:8008 name:com_content.article.3970) (130.65KB) (99μs)
  • After Access::getAssetRules (id:8008 name:com_content.article.3970) (7.38KB) (45μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (1.34MB) (65ms)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (4.29KB) (164μs)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (736B) (4μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (4.95KB) (71μs)
  • afterRenderComponent com_content (48.66KB) (52.83ms)
  • Before Access::getAssetRules (id:8 name:com_content) (49.8KB) (11.72ms)
  • After Access::getAssetRules (id:8 name:com_content) (6.17KB) (28μs)
  • afterDispatch (17.7KB) (588μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_articles_category (READ MORE...) (32.27KB) (414μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_articles_category (READ MORE...) (71.16KB) (158ms)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom (BOOST YOUR IMMUNE DEFENSE) (6.45KB) (26μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_custom (BOOST YOUR IMMUNE DEFENSE) (912B) (40μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_tags_popular (Search) (2.36KB) (13μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_tags_popular (Search) (22.38KB) (300ms)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom (Check this before you buy a Q10 product) (944B) (26μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_custom (Check this before you buy a Q10 product) (928B) (42μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom (the Vitamin and Mineral Guide) (736B) (11μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_custom (the Vitamin and Mineral Guide) (992B) (23μs)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_articles_category (READ MORE...) (276.94KB) (4.67ms)
  • afterRenderModule mod_articles_category (READ MORE...) (1.25KB) (54μs)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_custom (BOOST YOUR IMMUNE DEFENSE) (6.81KB) (15μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_custom (BOOST YOUR IMMUNE DEFENSE) (1.28KB) (27μs)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_tags_popular (Search) (1.98KB) (12μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_tags_popular (Search) (2.52KB) (24μs)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_custom (Check this before you buy a Q10 product) (1.31KB) (10μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_custom (Check this before you buy a Q10 product) (1.28KB) (21μs)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_custom (the Vitamin and Mineral Guide) (352B) (9μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_custom (the Vitamin and Mineral Guide) (1.28KB) (20μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_menu (Main Menu - English) (18.53KB) (394μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_menu (Main Menu - English) (192.54KB) (4.92ms)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_menu (Main Menu - English) (720B) (5μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_menu (Main Menu - English) (4.86KB) (56μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_languages (Sprogskift) (3.94KB) (20μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_languages (Sprogskift) (20.7KB) (4.17ms)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_languages (Sprogskift) (720B) (6μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_languages (Sprogskift) (5.31KB) (22μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_finder () (6.34KB) (12μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_finder () (128.95KB) (2.93ms)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_finder () (704B) (5μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_finder () (3.29KB) (36μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom () (6.62KB) (150μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_custom () (21.95KB) (4.82ms)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_custom () (704B) (6μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_custom () (1.23KB) (51μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_menu (Main Menu - English) (5.07KB) (106μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_menu (Main Menu - English) (6.52KB) (1.45ms)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_menu (Main Menu - English) (720B) (5μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_menu (Main Menu - English) (1.25KB) (52μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_languages (Sprogskift Mobil) (912B) (20μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_languages (Sprogskift Mobil) (3.89KB) (700μs)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_languages (Sprogskift Mobil) (720B) (4μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_languages (Sprogskift Mobil) (1.27KB) (31μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_finder () (2.3KB) (9μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_finder () (6.29KB) (4.41ms)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_finder () (704B) (6μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_finder () (3.73KB) (56μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom () (8.66KB) (197μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_custom () (944B) (133μs)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_custom () (704B) (3μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_custom () (2.43KB) (30μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom () (688B) (85μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_custom () (896B) (91μs)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_custom () (704B) (2μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_custom () (2.71KB) (22μs)
  • afterRender (160.91KB) (14.09ms)
  • 1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_tags_popular (Search) (22.38KB) (41.76%)
    299.96ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_articles_category (READ MORE...) (71.16KB) (22.01%)
    158.10ms
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (1.34MB) (9.05%)
    65.00ms
    1 x afterRenderComponent com_content (48.66KB) (7.36%)
    52.83ms
    1 x afterInitialise (1.27MB) (5.84%)
    41.97ms
    1 x After Access::preloadPermissions (com_content) (3.2MB) (3.09%)
    22.21ms
    1 x afterRender (160.91KB) (1.96%)
    14.09ms
    1 x afterRoute (897.2KB) (1.83%)
    13.13ms
    1 x Before Access::getAssetRules (id:8 name:com_content) (49.8KB) (1.63%)
    11.72ms
    1 x After Access::preloadComponents (all components) (97.34KB) (0.9%)
    6.44ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_menu (Main Menu - English) (192.54KB) (0.69%)
    4.92ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_custom () (21.95KB) (0.67%)
    4.82ms
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_articles_category (READ MORE...) (276.94KB) (0.65%)
    4.67ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_finder () (6.29KB) (0.61%)
    4.41ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_languages (Sprogskift) (20.7KB) (0.58%)
    4.17ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_finder () (128.95KB) (0.41%)
    2.93ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_menu (Main Menu - English) (6.52KB) (0.2%)
    1.45ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_languages (Sprogskift Mobil) (3.89KB) (0.1%)
    700μs
    1 x afterDispatch (17.7KB) (0.08%)
    588μs
    1 x afterLoad (456.41KB) (0.06%)
    449μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_articles_category (READ MORE...) (32.27KB) (0.06%)
    414μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_menu (Main Menu - English) (18.53KB) (0.05%)
    394μs
    1 x Before Access::preloadComponents (all components) (33.23KB) (0.03%)
    216μs
    1 x beforeRenderComponent com_content (23.02KB) (0.03%)
    214μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom () (8.66KB) (0.03%)
    197μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (4.29KB) (0.02%)
    164μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom () (6.62KB) (0.02%)
    150μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_custom () (944B) (0.02%)
    133μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_menu (Main Menu - English) (5.07KB) (0.01%)
    106μs
    1 x Before Access::getAssetRules (id:8008 name:com_content.article.3970) (130.65KB) (0.01%)
    99μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_custom () (896B) (0.01%)
    91μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom () (688B) (0.01%)
    85μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (4.95KB) (0.01%)
    71μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_menu (Main Menu - English) (4.86KB) (0.01%)
    56μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_finder () (3.73KB) (0.01%)
    56μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_articles_category (READ MORE...) (1.25KB) (0.01%)
    54μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_menu (Main Menu - English) (1.25KB) (0.01%)
    52μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_custom () (1.23KB) (0.01%)
    51μs
    1 x After Access::getAssetRules (id:8008 name:com_content.article.3970) (7.38KB) (0.01%)
    45μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_custom (Check this before you buy a Q10 product) (928B) (0.01%)
    42μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_custom (BOOST YOUR IMMUNE DEFENSE) (912B) (0.01%)
    40μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_finder () (3.29KB) (0.01%)
    36μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_languages (Sprogskift Mobil) (1.27KB) (0%)
    31μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_custom () (2.43KB) (0%)
    30μs
    1 x After Access::getAssetRules (id:8 name:com_content) (6.17KB) (0%)
    28μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_custom (BOOST YOUR IMMUNE DEFENSE) (1.28KB) (0%)
    27μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom (BOOST YOUR IMMUNE DEFENSE) (6.45KB) (0%)
    26μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom (Check this before you buy a Q10 product) (944B) (0%)
    26μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_tags_popular (Search) (2.52KB) (0%)
    24μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_custom (the Vitamin and Mineral Guide) (992B) (0%)
    23μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_custom () (2.71KB) (0%)
    22μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_languages (Sprogskift) (5.31KB) (0%)
    22μs
    1 x Before Access::preloadPermissions (com_content) (1.6KB) (0%)
    21μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_custom (Check this before you buy a Q10 product) (1.28KB) (0%)
    21μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_custom (the Vitamin and Mineral Guide) (1.28KB) (0%)
    20μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_languages (Sprogskift) (3.94KB) (0%)
    20μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_languages (Sprogskift Mobil) (912B) (0%)
    20μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_custom (BOOST YOUR IMMUNE DEFENSE) (6.81KB) (0%)
    15μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_tags_popular (Search) (2.36KB) (0%)
    13μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_finder () (6.34KB) (0%)
    12μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_tags_popular (Search) (1.98KB) (0%)
    12μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom (the Vitamin and Mineral Guide) (736B) (0%)
    11μs
    2 x beforeRenderModule mod_finder () (704B) (0%)
    11μs
    3 x beforeRenderModule mod_custom () (704B) (0%)
    11μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_custom (Check this before you buy a Q10 product) (1.31KB) (0%)
    10μs
    2 x beforeRenderModule mod_menu (Main Menu - English) (720B) (0%)
    10μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_custom (the Vitamin and Mineral Guide) (352B) (0%)
    9μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_finder () (2.3KB) (0%)
    9μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_languages (Sprogskift) (720B) (0%)
    6μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_languages (Sprogskift Mobil) (720B) (0%)
    4μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (736B) (0%)
    4μs
43 statements were executed, 9 of which were duplicates, 34 unique555ms1.14MB
  • SELECT @@SESSION.sql_mode;94μs968B/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:334Copy
  • SELECT `data` FROM `has_session` WHERE `session_id` = ?77μs1008BParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:261Copy
  • SELECT `session_id` FROM `has_session` WHERE `session_id` = :session_id LIMIT 1113μs1.3KBParams/libraries/src/Session/MetadataManager.php:187Copy
  • INSERT INTO `has_session` (`session_id`,`guest`,`time`,`userid`,`username`,`client_id`) VALUES (:session_id, :guest, :time, :user_id, :username, :client_id)2.96ms944BParams/libraries/src/Session/MetadataManager.php:260Copy
  • SELECT `extension_id` AS `id`,`element` AS `option`,`params`,`enabled` FROM `has_extensions` WHERE `type` = 'component' AND `state` = 0 AND `enabled` = 1336μs1.61KB/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:399Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`rules` FROM `has_viewlevels`2.19ms656B/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:955Copy
  • SELECT `b`.`id` FROM `has_usergroups` AS `a` LEFT JOIN `has_usergroups` AS `b` ON `b`.`lft` <= `a`.`lft` AND `b`.`rgt` >= `a`.`rgt` WHERE `a`.`id` = :guest164μs1.33KBParams/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:868Copy
  • SELECT `folder` AS `type`,`element` AS `name`,`params` AS `params`,`extension_id` AS `id` FROM `has_extensions` WHERE `enabled` = 1 AND `type` = 'plugin' AND `state` IN (0,1) AND `access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) ORDER BY `ordering`442μs3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:294Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `has_languages` WHERE `published` = 1 ORDER BY `ordering` ASC3.91ms2.33KB/libraries/src/Language/LanguageHelper.php:142Copy
  • SELECT `element`,`name`,`client_id`,`extension_id` FROM `has_extensions` WHERE `type` = 'language' AND `state` = 0 AND `enabled` = 1133μs1008B/libraries/src/Language/LanguageHelper.php:213Copy
  • SELECT * FROM has_rsform_config372μs1.06KB/administrator/components/com_rsform/helpers/config.php:52Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`id`,`m`.`menutype`,`m`.`title`,`m`.`alias`,`m`.`note`,`m`.`link`,`m`.`type`,`m`.`level`,`m`.`language`,`m`.`browserNav`,`m`.`access`,`m`.`params`,`m`.`home`,`m`.`img`,`m`.`template_style_id`,`m`.`component_id`,`m`.`parent_id`,`m`.`path` AS `route`,`e`.`element` AS `component` FROM `has_menu` AS `m` LEFT JOIN `has_extensions` AS `e` ON `m`.`component_id` = `e`.`extension_id` WHERE ( (`m`.`published` = 1 AND `m`.`parent_id` > 0 AND `m`.`client_id` = 0) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :currentDate1)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :currentDate2) ORDER BY `m`.`lft`709μs165.8KBParams/libraries/src/Menu/SiteMenu.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`1.98ms3.92KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`home`,`template`,`s`.`params`,`inheritable`,`parent` FROM `has_template_styles` AS `s` LEFT JOIN `has_extensions` AS `e` ON `e`.`element` = `s`.`template` AND `e`.`type` = 'template' AND `e`.`client_id` = `s`.`client_id` WHERE `s`.`client_id` = 0 AND `e`.`enabled` = 1283μs848B/administrator/components/com_templates/src/Model/StyleModel.php:773Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`name`,`rules`,`parent_id` FROM `has_assets` WHERE `name` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2,:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4,:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6,:preparedArray7,:preparedArray8,:preparedArray9,:preparedArray10,:preparedArray11,:preparedArray12,:preparedArray13,:preparedArray14,:preparedArray15,:preparedArray16,:preparedArray17,:preparedArray18,:preparedArray19,:preparedArray20,:preparedArray21,:preparedArray22,:preparedArray23,:preparedArray24,:preparedArray25,:preparedArray26,:preparedArray27,:preparedArray28,:preparedArray29,:preparedArray30,:preparedArray31,:preparedArray32,:preparedArray33,:preparedArray34,:preparedArray35,:preparedArray36,:preparedArray37,:preparedArray38,:preparedArray39,:preparedArray40)3.4ms7.44KBParams/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:357Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`name`,`rules`,`parent_id` FROM `has_assets` WHERE `name` LIKE :asset OR `name` = :extension OR `parent_id` = 05.38ms397.48KBParams/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:301Copy
  • SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `has_content`4.31ms3.02KB/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:625Copy
  • UPDATE `has_content` SET `hits` = (`hits` + 1) WHERE `id` = '3970'4.5ms48B/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:1325Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`asset_id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`alias`,`a`.`introtext`,`a`.`fulltext`,`a`.`state`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`created`,`a`.`created_by`,`a`.`created_by_alias`,`a`.`modified`,`a`.`modified_by`,`a`.`checked_out`,`a`.`checked_out_time`,`a`.`publish_up`,`a`.`publish_down`,`a`.`images`,`a`.`urls`,`a`.`attribs`,`a`.`version`,`a`.`ordering`,`a`.`metakey`,`a`.`metadesc`,`a`.`access`,`a`.`hits`,`a`.`metadata`,`a`.`featured`,`a`.`language`,`fp`.`featured_up`,`fp`.`featured_down`,`c`.`title` AS `category_title`,`c`.`alias` AS `category_alias`,`c`.`access` AS `category_access`,`c`.`language` AS `category_language`,`fp`.`ordering`,`u`.`name` AS `author`,`parent`.`title` AS `parent_title`,`parent`.`id` AS `parent_id`,`parent`.`path` AS `parent_route`,`parent`.`alias` AS `parent_alias`,`parent`.`language` AS `parent_language`,ROUND(`v`.`rating_sum` / `v`.`rating_count`, 1) AS `rating`,`v`.`rating_count` AS `rating_count` FROM `has_content` AS `a` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON `c`.`id` = `a`.`catid` LEFT JOIN `has_content_frontpage` AS `fp` ON `fp`.`content_id` = `a`.`id` LEFT JOIN `has_users` AS `u` ON `u`.`id` = `a`.`created_by` LEFT JOIN `has_categories` AS `parent` ON `parent`.`id` = `c`.`parent_id` LEFT JOIN `has_content_rating` AS `v` ON `a`.`id` = `v`.`content_id` WHERE ( (`a`.`id` = :pk AND `c`.`published` > 0 AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`a`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`a`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown) AND `a`.`state` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)328μs22.19KBParams/components/com_content/src/Model/ArticleModel.php:215Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`3.56ms3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`tag_id`,`t`.* FROM `has_contentitem_tag_map` AS `m` INNER JOIN `has_tags` AS `t` ON `m`.`tag_id` = `t`.`id` WHERE `m`.`type_alias` = :contentType AND `m`.`content_item_id` = :id AND `t`.`published` = 1 AND `t`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)6ms4.08KBParams/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php:388Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`330μs3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM has_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `has_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN has_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN has_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN has_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN has_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id LEFT JOIN `has_fields_categories` AS fc ON fc.field_id = a.id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND (`fc`.`category_id` IS NULL OR `fc`.`category_id` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2,:preparedArray3)) AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray4,:preparedArray5)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray6,:preparedArray7)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray8,:preparedArray9) ORDER BY a.ordering ASC3.05ms4.81KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id103μs1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id64μs1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`id`,`m`.`title`,`m`.`module`,`m`.`position`,`m`.`content`,`m`.`showtitle`,`m`.`params`,`mm`.`menuid` FROM `has_modules` AS `m` LEFT JOIN `has_modules_menu` AS `mm` ON `mm`.`moduleid` = `m`.`id` LEFT JOIN `has_extensions` AS `e` ON `e`.`element` = `m`.`module` AND `e`.`client_id` = `m`.`client_id` WHERE ( ( (`m`.`published` = 1 AND `e`.`enabled` = 1 AND `m`.`client_id` = :clientId AND `m`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown)) AND (`mm`.`menuid` = :itemId OR `mm`.`menuid` <= 0) AND `m`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) ORDER BY `m`.`position`,`m`.`ordering`5.93ms180.84KBParams/libraries/src/Cache/Controller/CallbackController.php:51Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`language`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`a`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `a`.`id`, `a`.`alias`) ELSE a.id END AS `slug`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`cc`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `cc`.`id`, `cc`.`alias`) ELSE cc.id END AS `catslug` FROM `has_content` AS `a` LEFT JOIN `has_categories` AS `cc` ON `cc`.`id` = `a`.`catid` WHERE `a`.`catid` = :catid AND `a`.`state` = :state AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND (`publish_up` IS NULL OR `publish_up` <= :nowDate1) AND (`publish_down` IS NULL OR `publish_down` >= :nowDate2) AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) ORDER BY CASE WHEN `a`.`publish_up` IS NULL THEN `a`.`created` ELSE `a`.`publish_up` END DESC37.1ms161.75KBParams/plugins/content/pagenavigation/src/Extension/PageNavigation.php:188Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`1.61ms3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT custom_data FROM has_extensions WHERE element = 'yootheme' AND folder = 'system' LIMIT 12.15ms536B/templates/yootheme/packages/platform-joomla/src/Storage.php:30Copy
  • SELECT `language`,`id` FROM `has_menu` WHERE `home` = '1' AND `published` = 1 AND `client_id` = 02.75ms704B/libraries/src/Language/Multilanguage.php:123Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id96μs1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id113μs1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `c2`.`language`,CONCAT_WS(':', `c2`.`id`, `c2`.`alias`) AS `id`,CONCAT_WS(':', `ca`.`id`, `ca`.`alias`) AS `catid` FROM `has_content` AS `c` INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a` ON `a`.`id` = `c`.`id` AND `a`.`context` = :context INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a2` ON `a`.`key` = `a2`.`key` INNER JOIN `has_content` AS `c2` ON `a2`.`id` = `c2`.`id` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `ca` ON `c2`.`catid` = `ca`.`id` AND `ca`.`extension` = :extension2 WHERE `c`.`id` = :id AND c2.access IN (1,5) AND c2.language != 'en-GB' AND (c2.publish_up IS NULL OR c2.publish_up <= '2025-02-22 17:41:13') AND (c2.publish_down IS NULL OR c2.publish_down >= '2025-02-22 17:41:13') AND c2.state = 1263μs3.97KBParams/libraries/src/Language/Associations.php:145Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`alias`,`a`.`introtext`,`a`.`fulltext`,`a`.`checked_out`,`a`.`checked_out_time`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`created`,`a`.`created_by`,`a`.`created_by_alias`,`a`.`modified`,`a`.`modified_by`,CASE WHEN `a`.`publish_up` IS NULL THEN `a`.`created` ELSE `a`.`publish_up` END AS `publish_up`,`a`.`publish_down`,`a`.`images`,`a`.`urls`,`a`.`attribs`,`a`.`metadata`,`a`.`metakey`,`a`.`metadesc`,`a`.`access`,`a`.`hits`,`a`.`featured`,`a`.`language`,LENGTH(`a`.`fulltext`) AS `readmore`,`a`.`ordering`,`fp`.`featured_up`,`fp`.`featured_down`,CASE WHEN `c`.`published` = 2 AND `a`.`state` > 0 THEN 2 WHEN `c`.`published` != 1 THEN 0 ELSE `a`.`state` END AS `state`,`c`.`title` AS `category_title`,`c`.`path` AS `category_route`,`c`.`access` AS `category_access`,`c`.`alias` AS `category_alias`,`c`.`language` AS `category_language`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`published` AS `parents_published`,`c`.`lft`,CASE WHEN `a`.`created_by_alias` > ' ' THEN `a`.`created_by_alias` ELSE `ua`.`name` END AS `author`,`ua`.`email` AS `author_email`,`uam`.`name` AS `modified_by_name`,`parent`.`title` AS `parent_title`,`parent`.`id` AS `parent_id`,`parent`.`path` AS `parent_route`,`parent`.`alias` AS `parent_alias`,`parent`.`language` AS `parent_language`,COALESCE(NULLIF(ROUND(`v`.`rating_sum` / `v`.`rating_count`, 1), 0), 0) AS `rating`,COALESCE(NULLIF(`v`.`rating_count`, 0), 0) AS `rating_count` FROM `has_content` AS `a` LEFT JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON `c`.`id` = `a`.`catid` LEFT JOIN `has_users` AS `ua` ON `ua`.`id` = `a`.`created_by` LEFT JOIN `has_users` AS `uam` ON `uam`.`id` = `a`.`modified_by` LEFT JOIN `has_categories` AS `parent` ON `parent`.`id` = `c`.`parent_id` LEFT JOIN `has_content_frontpage` AS `fp` ON `fp`.`content_id` = `a`.`id` LEFT JOIN `has_content_rating` AS `v` ON `a`.`id` = `v`.`content_id` WHERE `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `a`.`state` = :condition AND (`a`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp) AND (`a`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown) AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6) ORDER BY RAND() ASC LIMIT 10152ms167.16KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT MAX(`tag_id`) AS `tag_id`,COUNT(*) AS `count`,MAX(`t`.`title`) AS `title`,MAX(`t`.`access`) AS `access`,MAX(`t`.`alias`) AS `alias`,MAX(`t`.`params`) AS `params`,MAX(`t`.`language`) AS `language` FROM `has_contentitem_tag_map` AS `m` INNER JOIN `has_ucm_content` AS `ucm` ON `m`.`content_item_id` = `ucm`.`core_content_item_id` AND `m`.`type_id` = `ucm`.`core_type_id` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `cat` ON `ucm`.`core_catid` = `cat`.`id` INNER JOIN `has_tags` AS `t` ON `tag_id` = `t`.`id` INNER JOIN `has_ucm_content` AS `c` ON `m`.`core_content_id` = `c`.`core_content_id` WHERE `t`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `t`.`published` = 1 AND `cat`.`published` > 0 AND `t`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) AND `m`.`type_alias` = `c`.`core_type_alias` AND `c`.`core_state` = 1 AND (`c`.`core_access` IN (:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6) OR `c`.`core_access` = 0) AND (`c`.`core_publish_up` IS NULL OR `c`.`core_publish_up` = :nullDate2 OR `c`.`core_publish_up` <= :nowDate2) AND (`c`.`core_publish_down` IS NULL OR `c`.`core_publish_down` = :nullDate3 OR `c`.`core_publish_down` >= :nowDate3) GROUP BY `tag_id`,`t`.`title`,`t`.`access`,`t`.`alias` ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 15296ms2.75KBParams/modules/mod_tags_popular/src/Helper/TagsPopularHelper.php:183Copy
  • SELECT `c2`.`language`,`c2`.`id` FROM `has_menu` AS `c` INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a` ON `a`.`id` = `c`.`id` AND `a`.`context` = :context INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a2` ON `a`.`key` = `a2`.`key` INNER JOIN `has_menu` AS `c2` ON `a2`.`id` = `c2`.`id` WHERE `c`.`id` = :id238μs1.44KBParams/libraries/src/Language/Associations.php:145Copy
  • SELECT `name`,`element` FROM `has_extensions` WHERE `type` = 'plugin' AND `folder` = 'finder' AND `enabled` = 1561μs640B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Helper/LanguageHelper.php:135Copy
  • SELECT `title` FROM `has_finder_taxonomy` WHERE `parent_id` = 1 AND `state` = 1 AND `access` IN (1,5)160μs584B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Indexer/Taxonomy.php:314Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM has_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `has_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN has_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN has_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN has_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN has_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6) ORDER BY a.ordering ASC2.87ms4.75KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `title` FROM `has_finder_taxonomy` WHERE `parent_id` = 1 AND `state` = 1 AND `access` IN (1,5)3.05ms584B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Indexer/Taxonomy.php:314Copy
  • SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`next_execution` <= :now THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS due_count,SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`locked` IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END) AS locked_count FROM `has_scheduler_tasks` AS `a` WHERE `a`.`state` = 11.9ms1.37KBParams/administrator/components/com_scheduler/src/Model/TasksModel.php:466Copy
  • SELECT `session_id` FROM `has_session` WHERE `session_id` = ?100μs1KBParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:291Copy
  • UPDATE `has_session` SET `data` = ? , `time` = ? WHERE `session_id` = ?2.41ms592BParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:318Copy