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Omega-3 innhold i blodet forteller mer om risikoen for tidlig død, enn kolesterol

Omega-3 innhold i blodet forteller mer om risikoen for tidlig død, enn kolesterolSpis mye fet fisk fra rene farvann eller ta fiskolje-kosttilskudd for å få nok av de livsviktige omega-3-fettsyrene. Dette reduserer risikoen for tidlig død ved å beskytte mot åreforkalkning og en rekke andre sykdommer. Omega-3-innholdet i blodet kan forutsi mye mer enn kolesterolnivå. Det fremgår av en ny studie publisert i Journal of Clinical Lipidology.

Omega-3 fettsyrene er en del av alle cellemembraner, der formene EPA og DHA bidrar til å styre flere biokjemiske prosesser i cellene. Omega-3 fettsyrer har betydning for hjernefunksjonen, nervesystemet, kretsløpet, blodets fettinnhold, blodtrykket, immunfunksjon samt regulering av inflammasjoner, som er involvert i mange kroniske sykdommer.
Omega-3 fettsyrene virker også i en biokjemisk interaksjon med omega-6 fettsyrer, der balansen og formene er viktige.

Høye nivåer av omega-3 fettsyrer reduserer risikoen for tidlig død med 33 prosent

I den nye undersøkelsen målte forskerne blodnivåer av omega-3 fettsyrene EPA og DHA for å se om det hadde betydning for utviklingen av et antall av livstruende sykdommer.
Det deltok 2.500 personer i studien. De var alle barn av deltakere i den opprinnelige Framingham-studien. Framingham er en liten by nær Boston i USA, og siden 1950-tallet har Framingham-studien bidratt til den omfattende redsel for fett som vi alle kjenner til. Studien har imidlertid også blitt sterkt kritisert fordi åreforkalkning kan skyldes mye mer enn kostholdets innhold av kolesterol.
I den nye Framingham-studien målte forskere mer spesifikt innholdet av EPA og DHA i de røde blodcellemembranene. Målingene viste at risikoen for å dø av en eller annen sykdom, ble redusert med 33 prosent i den gruppen av deltakere som hadde det høyeste nivå av omega-3 fettsyrer i de røde blodcellene deres.
I begynnelsen av den nye studien hadde ingen av deltakerne kretsløpssykdommer, og på slutten av studien fokuserte forskerne på alle typer dødsfall. Forskerne fokuserte mer spesifikt på dødsfall forårsaket av kretsløpesykdommer, kreft og andre årsaker. Og de undersøkte sammenhengen mellom blodets omega-3 innhold og risikoen for kretsløpssykdommer, inkludert hjerteslag og slag.
I begynnelsen av studien var deltakerne rundt 66 år og det var litt flere kvinner enn menn. Forskerne fulgte deltakerne i syv år til de var rundt 73 år, og resultatene av studien ble justert for flere faktorer som kunne påvirke utfallet.

Det er nytt at forskerne sammenligner blodets innhold av kolesterol og omega-3 fettsyrer

Flere tidligere studier har avslørt koblingen mellom høye omega-3-nivåer i blodet og lavere risiko for tidlig død. Men det er nytt at den siste undersøkelsen fra Framingham både sammenligner blodets nivå av kolesterol og omega-3, som er kjente risikofaktorer for hjerte- og karsykdommer.
Ifølge studiens leder, overlege William Harris, er det kjent at høyt kolesterolnivå er forbundet med en økt risiko for hjerte- og karsykdommer, og siden hjertesykdom er den største dødsårsaken i den vestlige verden, kunne man også forvente at høyt kolesterolnivå øker risikoen for tidlig død. Men det var ikke tilfelle i den nye studien. Forskerne fant at risikoen for tidlig død ikke økte i forbindelse med et høyt kolesterolnivå, om man samtidig har et høyt omega-3-innhold i blodet. Forskerne ønsker nå å starte flere studier for å støtte deres nye funn, og avgjøre om rutinemessige blodprøver også bør inkludere måling av omega-3 nivået sammen med kolesterol og blodsukker.
Andre studier indikerer også at høyt kolesterol kun er farlig hvis det er en del av metabolsk syndrom og diabetes type 2.

Visste du at omega-3 fettsyren EPA hemmer inflammasjoner, som ifølge annen forskning er hovedårsaken til åreforkalkning og tidlig død?

Kolesterol er nå frikjent i amerikanske kostholdsråd, men ikke sukker

Ifølge de offisielle amerikanske kostanbefalinger fra 2015-2020 (Dietary Guidelines for amerikanerne) har man nå trukket tilbake de gamle advarsler om kolesterol ved å annonsere: "kolesterol regnes som et næringsstoff som ikke er farlig i store mengder" I de samme amerikanske kostanbefalinger introduseres det som noe nytt restriksjoner på sukker, der som de norske kostanbefalinger ikke bør utgjøre mer enn 10 energiprosent. Ifølge flere kostholdseksperter er denne grensen fortsatt for høy.

Fakta om kolesterol

  • Kolesterol er et livsviktig stoff som inngår i dannelsen av alle cellemembraner, kjønnshormoner, stresshormoner, vitamin D og Q10.
  • Kolesterol har fått en del av skylden for åreforkalkning siden 1950-tallet.
  • Det er kolesterol i animalsk fett. Men leveren danner faktisk det meste av vårt kolesterol selv, gjennom karbohydrater.
  • Hvis kolesterolnivået er forhøyet, skyldes det ofte et forstyrret sukkerstoffskifte, hvilket bør fokuseres på i behandlingen.
  • Økt kolesterol er en del av metabolsk syndrom som også inkluderer forhøyet blodtrykk, nedsatt sensitivitet mot insulin og for stor livvidde. Metabolsk syndrom er en forløper for diabetestype 2.
  • Det er vanlig at kolesterolnivået øker med alderen, og vanligvis er det ikke et problem.
  • Eldre mennesker med høyt kolesterolnivå lever generelt lenger enn eldre mennesker med lavere nivåer.
  • Omega-3 fettsyrer bidrar til å regulere nivået av kolesterol

Kilder til de forskjellige omega-3 fettsyrene

ALA: Spesielt linfrøolje, rapsfrøolje, valnøtter og chiafrø
EPA og DHA: Spesielt fet fisk som makrell, laks, sild, ansjos, sardiner, ål, steinbit, regnbueørret samt lever og krillolje. Finnes også i større mengder i hjernen hos mennesker og dyr.
NB Mange har vanskelig for å omdanne ALA til de aktive formene EPA og DHA.

Kilder:

Omega-3 Index better predicts risk for death than serum cholesterol, study shows. News Medical Life Sciences. March 15, 2018
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20180315/Omega-3-Index-better-predicts-risk-for-death-than-serum-cholesterol-study-shows.aspx

Harlan Krumholz. Inflammation: Is it the New Cholesterol? Pharma & Healthcare medicine. August 2017
https://www.forbes.com/sites/harlankrumholz/2017/08/27/inflammation-is-it-the-new-cholesterol/#1aa491905b05

http://edition.cnn.com/2016/01/07/health/2015-dietary-guidelines/

https://www.sundhed.dk/borger/patienthaandbogen/hjerte-og-blodkar/sygdomme/oevrige-tilstande/metabolisk-syndrom/

Uffe Ravnskov. Kolesterol- myter og realiteter. Hovedland 2008

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  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`asset_id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`alias`,`a`.`introtext`,`a`.`fulltext`,`a`.`state`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`created`,`a`.`created_by`,`a`.`created_by_alias`,`a`.`modified`,`a`.`modified_by`,`a`.`checked_out`,`a`.`checked_out_time`,`a`.`publish_up`,`a`.`publish_down`,`a`.`images`,`a`.`urls`,`a`.`attribs`,`a`.`version`,`a`.`ordering`,`a`.`metakey`,`a`.`metadesc`,`a`.`access`,`a`.`hits`,`a`.`metadata`,`a`.`featured`,`a`.`language`,`fp`.`featured_up`,`fp`.`featured_down`,`c`.`title` AS `category_title`,`c`.`alias` AS `category_alias`,`c`.`access` AS `category_access`,`c`.`language` AS `category_language`,`fp`.`ordering`,`u`.`name` AS `author`,`parent`.`title` AS `parent_title`,`parent`.`id` AS `parent_id`,`parent`.`path` AS `parent_route`,`parent`.`alias` AS `parent_alias`,`parent`.`language` AS `parent_language`,ROUND(`v`.`rating_sum` / `v`.`rating_count`, 1) AS `rating`,`v`.`rating_count` AS `rating_count` FROM `has_content` AS `a` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON `c`.`id` = `a`.`catid` LEFT JOIN `has_content_frontpage` AS `fp` ON `fp`.`content_id` = `a`.`id` LEFT JOIN `has_users` AS `u` ON `u`.`id` = `a`.`created_by` LEFT JOIN `has_categories` AS `parent` ON `parent`.`id` = `c`.`parent_id` LEFT JOIN `has_content_rating` AS `v` ON `a`.`id` = `v`.`content_id` WHERE ( (`a`.`id` = :pk AND `c`.`published` > 0 AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`a`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`a`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown) AND `a`.`state` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)826μs22.19KBParams/components/com_content/src/Model/ArticleModel.php:215Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`1.32ms3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`tag_id`,`t`.* FROM `has_contentitem_tag_map` AS `m` INNER JOIN `has_tags` AS `t` ON `m`.`tag_id` = `t`.`id` WHERE `m`.`type_alias` = :contentType AND `m`.`content_item_id` = :id AND `t`.`published` = 1 AND `t`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)2ms4.13KBParams/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php:388Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`617μs3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM has_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `has_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN has_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN has_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN has_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN has_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id LEFT JOIN `has_fields_categories` AS fc ON fc.field_id = a.id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND (`fc`.`category_id` IS NULL OR `fc`.`category_id` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2,:preparedArray3)) AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray4,:preparedArray5)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray6,:preparedArray7)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray8,:preparedArray9) ORDER BY a.ordering ASC290μs4.81KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id127μs1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id76μs1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`id`,`m`.`title`,`m`.`module`,`m`.`position`,`m`.`content`,`m`.`showtitle`,`m`.`params`,`mm`.`menuid` FROM `has_modules` AS `m` LEFT JOIN `has_modules_menu` AS `mm` ON `mm`.`moduleid` = `m`.`id` LEFT JOIN `has_extensions` AS `e` ON `e`.`element` = `m`.`module` AND `e`.`client_id` = `m`.`client_id` WHERE ( ( (`m`.`published` = 1 AND `e`.`enabled` = 1 AND `m`.`client_id` = :clientId AND `m`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown)) AND (`mm`.`menuid` = :itemId OR `mm`.`menuid` <= 0) AND `m`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) ORDER BY `m`.`position`,`m`.`ordering`2.38ms98.72KBParams/libraries/src/Cache/Controller/CallbackController.php:51Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`language`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`a`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `a`.`id`, `a`.`alias`) ELSE a.id END AS `slug`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`cc`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `cc`.`id`, `cc`.`alias`) ELSE cc.id END AS `catslug` FROM `has_content` AS `a` LEFT JOIN `has_categories` AS `cc` ON `cc`.`id` = `a`.`catid` WHERE `a`.`catid` = :catid AND `a`.`state` = :state AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND (`publish_up` IS NULL OR `publish_up` <= :nowDate1) AND (`publish_down` IS NULL OR `publish_down` >= :nowDate2) AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) ORDER BY CASE WHEN `a`.`publish_up` IS NULL THEN `a`.`created` ELSE `a`.`publish_up` END DESC629μs2.63KBParams/plugins/content/pagenavigation/src/Extension/PageNavigation.php:188Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`297μs3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT custom_data FROM has_extensions WHERE element = 'yootheme' AND folder = 'system' LIMIT 1813μs536B/templates/yootheme/packages/platform-joomla/src/Storage.php:30Copy
  • SELECT `language`,`id` FROM `has_menu` WHERE `home` = '1' AND `published` = 1 AND `client_id` = 0308μs704B/libraries/src/Language/Multilanguage.php:123Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id120μs1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `has_content` WHERE `id` = :id356μs1.31KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `c2`.`language`,CONCAT_WS(':', `c2`.`id`, `c2`.`alias`) AS `id`,CONCAT_WS(':', `ca`.`id`, `ca`.`alias`) AS `catid` FROM `has_content` AS `c` INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a` ON `a`.`id` = `c`.`id` AND `a`.`context` = :context INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a2` ON `a`.`key` = `a2`.`key` INNER JOIN `has_content` AS `c2` ON `a2`.`id` = `c2`.`id` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `ca` ON `c2`.`catid` = `ca`.`id` AND `ca`.`extension` = :extension2 WHERE `c`.`id` = :id AND c2.access IN (1,5) AND c2.language != 'nb-NO' AND (c2.publish_up IS NULL OR c2.publish_up <= '2025-03-13 23:11:02') AND (c2.publish_down IS NULL OR c2.publish_down >= '2025-03-13 23:11:02') AND c2.state = 11.28ms3.97KBParams/libraries/src/Language/Associations.php:145Copy
  • SELECT `c2`.`language`,`c2`.`id` FROM `has_menu` AS `c` INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a` ON `a`.`id` = `c`.`id` AND `a`.`context` = :context INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a2` ON `a`.`key` = `a2`.`key` INNER JOIN `has_menu` AS `c2` ON `a2`.`id` = `c2`.`id` WHERE `c`.`id` = :id176μs1.38KBParams/libraries/src/Language/Associations.php:145Copy
  • SELECT `name`,`element` FROM `has_extensions` WHERE `type` = 'plugin' AND `folder` = 'finder' AND `enabled` = 1197μs640B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Helper/LanguageHelper.php:135Copy
  • SELECT `title` FROM `has_finder_taxonomy` WHERE `parent_id` = 1 AND `state` = 1 AND `access` IN (1,5)136μs584B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Indexer/Taxonomy.php:314Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM has_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `has_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN has_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN has_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN has_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN has_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6) ORDER BY a.ordering ASC361μs4.75KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `title` FROM `has_finder_taxonomy` WHERE `parent_id` = 1 AND `state` = 1 AND `access` IN (1,5)152μs584B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Indexer/Taxonomy.php:314Copy
  • SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`next_execution` <= :now THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS due_count,SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`locked` IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END) AS locked_count FROM `has_scheduler_tasks` AS `a` WHERE `a`.`state` = 1123μs1.37KBParams/administrator/components/com_scheduler/src/Model/TasksModel.php:466Copy
  • SELECT `session_id` FROM `has_session` WHERE `session_id` = ?103μs1KBParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:291Copy
  • UPDATE `has_session` SET `data` = ? , `time` = ? WHERE `session_id` = ?1.5ms592BParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:318Copy