Is there a link between vitamin D deficiency and autism?

Is there a link between vitamin D deficiency and autism?Recent studies show a possible relation betwen too little vitamin D and the risk of developing autism. It is also alarming that many children are born with too little vitamin D or develop a deficiency later in life, as vitamin D controls numerous processes in the human brain.

There may be a link between the increasing occurrence of vitamin D deficiency and the growing rate of autism. This is supported by several studies that are carried out by the two PH.D. researchers, Rhonda Patrick and Bruce Ames, at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI). Vitamin D plays an essential role in many brain functions and should actually be termed a steroid hormone. This class of hormones also includes sex hormones and stress hormones.
In its role as a steroid hormone, vitamin D is believed to control more than a thousand physiological processes in the body, and it also controls 5-10 per cent of our genes.

Vitamin D regulates serotonin

Autism, which is characterized by serious disturbances in behavior, communication and social interaction, used to be linked to low serotonin levels in the brain. It was not until recently that the mechanisms were addressed more specifically.
Researchers have found that vitamin D controls a gene that codes an enzyme called tryptophan hydroxylase, or TPH.
TPH is responsible for converting the amino acid tryptophan into serotonin. Serotonin is primarily known as a neurotransmitter that influences our mood. In fact, anti-depressive medicine works by regulating serotonin levels in the brain.
But serotonin has many other functions in the brain and the rest of the body.
In addition, the body harbors two different genes for tryptophan hydroxylase. The gene in the brain is named TPH2. In the intestines it is named TPH1.

Separate serotonin systems in the brain and intestines

TPH1 converts tryptophan into serotonin in the intestines. Contrary to popular belief, however, this type of serotonin is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. Although 90 per cent of the body's serotonin production takes place in the intestines, it has no influence on our brain as such. The two serotonin systems work independently of each other, but it is still important for serotonin levels in both systems to be optimal.

Too much serotonin in the intestines causes inflammation

According to Patrick and Ames (see above), serotonin in the intestines works by making blood platelets stick together (aggregate), which causes the blood to coagulate. This is necessary in order to prevent bleeding in the case of lesions. On the other hand, serotonin works like a two-edged sword, in that too much serotonin in the intestines may cause local inflammation through an activation of white blood cells (T cells) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies have demonstrated how one can stop intestinal inflammation in mice by inhibiting their serotonin production.
It also turns out that the majority of children with autism not only have dysfunctions in the brain but even inflammation in the intestinal system as a consequence of the derailed serotonin levels.

Vitamin D regulates serotonin in the intestines and the brain

Autism is often associated with elevated serotonin levels in the intestines and too low serotonin levels in the brain.
The above mentioned studies revealed that vitamin D is able to inhibit TPH1, thereby controlling inflammation in the intestinal system caused by elevated serotonin levels.
Similarly, vitamin D increases TPH2, thereby increasing the serotonin production in the brain.
An independent group of researchers from the University of Arizona has confirmed that vitamin D activates the TPH2 gene in different nerve cells.

Serotonin's role in the development of the brain

During pregnancy, serotonin plays an important role in fetal brain development. Roughly speaking, serotonin determines the function and placement of different neuron types. With too little serotonin, the brain's structure and functions are affected.
According to Patrick, studies of mice show that lack of serotonin leads to autistic traits. She has also seen how the human fetus is entirely dependent on the vitamin D status of the mother. During pregnancy, vitamin D is transferred from the mother via the placenta. Afterwards, vitamin D crosses the blood-brain barrier of the fetus and activates the TPH2 gene, whereby tryptophan is converted into serotonin.
It may therefore affect the fetal brain development if the mother lacks vitamin D. In a more recent article from 2015, Patrick and Ames look closer at how both vitamin D and the omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, control the body's serotonin production, and how deficiencies may affect the risk of developing ADHD, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.

Pregnant women and neonates lack vitamin D

A newer study shows that more than half the babies born in Denmark have too little vitamin D. The study was carried out on 2,500 mothers and their offspring. Because the mothers were vitamin D deficient during their pregnancy, they have not been able to ensure an adequate supply of the nutrient to their babies. It is commonly known that vitamin D is necessary for normal bone formation and development in children. However, the brain, immune system, and intestinal system also depend on this vitamin - throughout life.

If you are pregnant, make sure to get enough vitamin D

Women who plan to become pregnant, and those who are already pregnant, are advised to have their vitamin D status established with a blood test. Also, they should take a vitamin D supplement throughout the winter period, if they want to be sure to have optimal vitamin D levels. As the diet only contributes with minimal amounts of the nutrient, it is even important to expose yourself to sufficient amounts of sunshine (but without getting burned).

Vitamin D, supplements, and absorption

Vitamin D is fat-soluble, which means we benefit the most from taking supplements of vitamin D dissolved in oil. It is safe to take high-dosed supplements with 38 micrograms of vitamin D in small gelatin capsules.

References:

R.P. Patrick, B.N. Ames. Vitamin D hormones regulates serotonin synthesis. The FASEB Journal 2014

Science News. Causal link found between vitamin D, serotonin synthesis and autism in new study. Science Daily. 2014

Rhonda P. Patrick and Bruce Ames. Vitamin D and the omega-3 fatty acids control serotonin synthesis and action, part 2: relevance for ADHD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and impulsive behavior. The FASEB Journal 2015.


7.987MBMemory Usage222msRequest Duration
Joomla! Version4.4.4
PHP Version8.3.6
Identityguest
Response200
Templatecassiopeia
Database
Server
mysql
Version
8.0.40-0ubuntu0.24.04.1
Collation
latin1_swedish_ci
Conn Collation
utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
$_GET
array:9 [ "option" => "com_content" "view" => "article" "id" => "677:is-there-a-link-between-v...
$_POST
[]
$_SESSION
array:1 [ "joomla" => "***redacted***" ]
$_COOKIE
[]
$_SERVER
array:41 [ "HTTP_AUTHORIZATION" => "" "HTTPS" => "on" "SSL_TLS_SNI" => "healthandscience.eu" ...
session
array:3 [ "counter" => 1 "timer" => array:3 [ "start" => 1753428663 "last" => 1753428663...
registry
array:3 [ "data" => [] "initialized" => false "separator" => "." ]
user
array:18 [ "id" => 0 "name" => null "username" => null "email" => null "password" => "***r...
plg_system_languagefilter
array:1 [ "language" => "en-GB" ]
  • afterLoad (456.11KB) (4.76ms)
  • afterInitialise (1.28MB) (50.27ms)
  • afterRoute (827.42KB) (16.01ms)
  • beforeRenderComponent com_content (34.66KB) (222μs)
  • Before Access::preloadComponents (all components) (60.19KB) (291μs)
  • After Access::preloadComponents (all components) (97.34KB) (2.92ms)
  • Before Access::preloadPermissions (com_content) (1.6KB) (15μs)
  • After Access::preloadPermissions (com_content) (3.29MB) (30.7ms)
  • Before Access::getAssetRules (id:1384 name:com_content.article.677) (130.65KB) (107μs)
  • After Access::getAssetRules (id:1384 name:com_content.article.677) (7.38KB) (53μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (1.32MB) (82.27ms)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (4.29KB) (6.44ms)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (736B) (6μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (5.45KB) (84μs)
  • afterRenderComponent com_content (36.76KB) (9.47ms)
  • Before Access::getAssetRules (id:8 name:com_content) (18.33KB) (4.93ms)
  • After Access::getAssetRules (id:8 name:com_content) (6.17KB) (29μs)
  • afterDispatch (26.73KB) (984μs)
  • afterRender (294.57KB) (8.39ms)
  • 1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (1.32MB) (37.09%)
    82.27ms
    1 x afterInitialise (1.28MB) (22.67%)
    50.27ms
    1 x After Access::preloadPermissions (com_content) (3.29MB) (13.84%)
    30.70ms
    1 x afterRoute (827.42KB) (7.22%)
    16.01ms
    1 x afterRenderComponent com_content (36.76KB) (4.27%)
    9.47ms
    1 x afterRender (294.57KB) (3.78%)
    8.39ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (4.29KB) (2.9%)
    6.44ms
    1 x Before Access::getAssetRules (id:8 name:com_content) (18.33KB) (2.22%)
    4.93ms
    1 x afterLoad (456.11KB) (2.15%)
    4.76ms
    1 x After Access::preloadComponents (all components) (97.34KB) (1.32%)
    2.92ms
    1 x afterDispatch (26.73KB) (0.44%)
    984μs
    1 x Before Access::preloadComponents (all components) (60.19KB) (0.13%)
    291μs
    1 x beforeRenderComponent com_content (34.66KB) (0.1%)
    222μs
    1 x Before Access::getAssetRules (id:1384 name:com_content.article.677) (130.65KB) (0.05%)
    107μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (5.45KB) (0.04%)
    84μs
    1 x After Access::getAssetRules (id:1384 name:com_content.article.677) (7.38KB) (0.02%)
    53μs
    1 x After Access::getAssetRules (id:8 name:com_content) (6.17KB) (0.01%)
    29μs
    1 x Before Access::preloadPermissions (com_content) (1.6KB) (0.01%)
    15μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_custom (Search for more information...) (736B) (0%)
    6μs
31 statements were executed, 3 of which were duplicates, 28 unique76.89ms844.23KB
  • SELECT @@SESSION.sql_mode;741μs968B/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:334Copy
  • SELECT `data` FROM `has_session` WHERE `session_id` = ?875μs1008BParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:261Copy
  • SELECT `session_id` FROM `has_session` WHERE `session_id` = :session_id LIMIT 1700μs1.3KBParams/libraries/src/Session/MetadataManager.php:187Copy
  • INSERT INTO `has_session` (`session_id`,`guest`,`time`,`userid`,`username`,`client_id`) VALUES (:session_id, :guest, :time, :user_id, :username, :client_id)1.48ms944BParams/libraries/src/Session/MetadataManager.php:260Copy
  • SELECT `extension_id` AS `id`,`element` AS `option`,`params`,`enabled` FROM `has_extensions` WHERE `type` = 'component' AND `state` = 0 AND `enabled` = 1948μs1.61KB/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:399Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`rules` FROM `has_viewlevels`611μs656B/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:955Copy
  • SELECT `b`.`id` FROM `has_usergroups` AS `a` LEFT JOIN `has_usergroups` AS `b` ON `b`.`lft` <= `a`.`lft` AND `b`.`rgt` >= `a`.`rgt` WHERE `a`.`id` = :guest270μs1.33KBParams/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:868Copy
  • SELECT `folder` AS `type`,`element` AS `name`,`params` AS `params`,`extension_id` AS `id` FROM `has_extensions` WHERE `enabled` = 1 AND `type` = 'plugin' AND `state` IN (0,1) AND `access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) ORDER BY `ordering`488μs3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:294Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `has_languages` WHERE `published` = 1 ORDER BY `ordering` ASC153μs2.33KB/libraries/src/Language/LanguageHelper.php:142Copy
  • SELECT `element`,`name`,`client_id`,`extension_id` FROM `has_extensions` WHERE `type` = 'language' AND `state` = 0 AND `enabled` = 13.57ms1008B/libraries/src/Language/LanguageHelper.php:213Copy
  • SELECT * FROM has_rsform_config6.56ms1.06KB/administrator/components/com_rsform/helpers/config.php:52Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`id`,`m`.`menutype`,`m`.`title`,`m`.`alias`,`m`.`note`,`m`.`link`,`m`.`type`,`m`.`level`,`m`.`language`,`m`.`browserNav`,`m`.`access`,`m`.`params`,`m`.`home`,`m`.`img`,`m`.`template_style_id`,`m`.`component_id`,`m`.`parent_id`,`m`.`path` AS `route`,`e`.`element` AS `component` FROM `has_menu` AS `m` LEFT JOIN `has_extensions` AS `e` ON `m`.`component_id` = `e`.`extension_id` WHERE ( (`m`.`published` = 1 AND `m`.`parent_id` > 0 AND `m`.`client_id` = 0) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :currentDate1)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :currentDate2) ORDER BY `m`.`lft`726μs165.8KBParams/libraries/src/Menu/SiteMenu.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`home`,`template`,`s`.`params`,`inheritable`,`parent` FROM `has_template_styles` AS `s` LEFT JOIN `has_extensions` AS `e` ON `e`.`element` = `s`.`template` AND `e`.`type` = 'template' AND `e`.`client_id` = `s`.`client_id` WHERE `s`.`client_id` = 0 AND `e`.`enabled` = 12.8ms848B/administrator/components/com_templates/src/Model/StyleModel.php:773Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`name`,`rules`,`parent_id` FROM `has_assets` WHERE `name` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2,:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4,:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6,:preparedArray7,:preparedArray8,:preparedArray9,:preparedArray10,:preparedArray11,:preparedArray12,:preparedArray13,:preparedArray14,:preparedArray15,:preparedArray16,:preparedArray17,:preparedArray18,:preparedArray19,:preparedArray20,:preparedArray21,:preparedArray22,:preparedArray23,:preparedArray24,:preparedArray25,:preparedArray26,:preparedArray27,:preparedArray28,:preparedArray29,:preparedArray30,:preparedArray31,:preparedArray32,:preparedArray33,:preparedArray34,:preparedArray35,:preparedArray36,:preparedArray37,:preparedArray38,:preparedArray39,:preparedArray40)767μs7.44KBParams/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:357Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`name`,`rules`,`parent_id` FROM `has_assets` WHERE `name` LIKE :asset OR `name` = :extension OR `parent_id` = 010.98ms417.48KBParams/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:301Copy
  • SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `has_content`2.7ms1.77KB/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:625Copy
  • UPDATE `has_content` SET `hits` = (`hits` + 1) WHERE `id` = '677'2.21ms1.3KB/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:1325Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`asset_id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`alias`,`a`.`introtext`,`a`.`fulltext`,`a`.`state`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`created`,`a`.`created_by`,`a`.`created_by_alias`,`a`.`modified`,`a`.`modified_by`,`a`.`checked_out`,`a`.`checked_out_time`,`a`.`publish_up`,`a`.`publish_down`,`a`.`images`,`a`.`urls`,`a`.`attribs`,`a`.`version`,`a`.`ordering`,`a`.`metakey`,`a`.`metadesc`,`a`.`access`,`a`.`hits`,`a`.`metadata`,`a`.`featured`,`a`.`language`,`fp`.`featured_up`,`fp`.`featured_down`,`c`.`title` AS `category_title`,`c`.`alias` AS `category_alias`,`c`.`access` AS `category_access`,`c`.`language` AS `category_language`,`fp`.`ordering`,`u`.`name` AS `author`,`parent`.`title` AS `parent_title`,`parent`.`id` AS `parent_id`,`parent`.`path` AS `parent_route`,`parent`.`alias` AS `parent_alias`,`parent`.`language` AS `parent_language`,ROUND(`v`.`rating_sum` / `v`.`rating_count`, 1) AS `rating`,`v`.`rating_count` AS `rating_count` FROM `has_content` AS `a` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON `c`.`id` = `a`.`catid` LEFT JOIN `has_content_frontpage` AS `fp` ON `fp`.`content_id` = `a`.`id` LEFT JOIN `has_users` AS `u` ON `u`.`id` = `a`.`created_by` LEFT JOIN `has_categories` AS `parent` ON `parent`.`id` = `c`.`parent_id` LEFT JOIN `has_content_rating` AS `v` ON `a`.`id` = `v`.`content_id` WHERE ( (`a`.`id` = :pk AND `c`.`published` > 0 AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`a`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`a`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown) AND `a`.`state` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)444μs22.19KBParams/components/com_content/src/Model/ArticleModel.php:215Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`1.22ms3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`tag_id`,`t`.* FROM `has_contentitem_tag_map` AS `m` INNER JOIN `has_tags` AS `t` ON `m`.`tag_id` = `t`.`id` WHERE `m`.`type_alias` = :contentType AND `m`.`content_item_id` = :id AND `t`.`published` = 1 AND `t`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)14.86ms4.08KBParams/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php:388Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`2.77ms3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM has_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `has_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN has_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN has_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN has_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN has_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id LEFT JOIN `has_fields_categories` AS fc ON fc.field_id = a.id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND (`fc`.`category_id` IS NULL OR `fc`.`category_id` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2,:preparedArray3)) AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray4,:preparedArray5)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray6,:preparedArray7)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray8,:preparedArray9) ORDER BY a.ordering ASC3.31ms4.81KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`id`,`m`.`title`,`m`.`module`,`m`.`position`,`m`.`content`,`m`.`showtitle`,`m`.`params`,`mm`.`menuid` FROM `has_modules` AS `m` LEFT JOIN `has_modules_menu` AS `mm` ON `mm`.`moduleid` = `m`.`id` LEFT JOIN `has_extensions` AS `e` ON `e`.`element` = `m`.`module` AND `e`.`client_id` = `m`.`client_id` WHERE ( ( (`m`.`published` = 1 AND `e`.`enabled` = 1 AND `m`.`client_id` = :clientId AND `m`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown)) AND (`mm`.`menuid` = :itemId OR `mm`.`menuid` <= 0) AND `m`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) ORDER BY `m`.`position`,`m`.`ordering`9.29ms180.84KBParams/libraries/src/Cache/Controller/CallbackController.php:51Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`377μs3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT custom_data FROM has_extensions WHERE element = 'yootheme' AND folder = 'system' LIMIT 14.12ms536B/templates/yootheme/packages/platform-joomla/src/Storage.php:30Copy
  • SELECT `language`,`id` FROM `has_menu` WHERE `home` = '1' AND `published` = 1 AND `client_id` = 01.2ms704B/libraries/src/Language/Multilanguage.php:123Copy
  • SELECT `c2`.`language`,CONCAT_WS(':', `c2`.`id`, `c2`.`alias`) AS `id`,CONCAT_WS(':', `ca`.`id`, `ca`.`alias`) AS `catid` FROM `has_content` AS `c` INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a` ON `a`.`id` = `c`.`id` AND `a`.`context` = :context INNER JOIN `has_associations` AS `a2` ON `a`.`key` = `a2`.`key` INNER JOIN `has_content` AS `c2` ON `a2`.`id` = `c2`.`id` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `ca` ON `c2`.`catid` = `ca`.`id` AND `ca`.`extension` = :extension2 WHERE `c`.`id` = :id AND c2.access IN (1,5) AND c2.language != 'en-GB' AND (c2.publish_up IS NULL OR c2.publish_up <= '2025-07-25 07:31:03') AND (c2.publish_down IS NULL OR c2.publish_down >= '2025-07-25 07:31:03') AND c2.state = 1453μs1.5KBParams/libraries/src/Language/Associations.php:145Copy
  • SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`next_execution` <= :now THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS due_count,SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`locked` IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END) AS locked_count FROM `has_scheduler_tasks` AS `a` WHERE `a`.`state` = 1128μs1.37KBParams/administrator/components/com_scheduler/src/Model/TasksModel.php:466Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `has_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `has_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`718μs4KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `session_id` FROM `has_session` WHERE `session_id` = ?119μs1KBParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:291Copy
  • UPDATE `has_session` SET `data` = ? , `time` = ? WHERE `session_id` = ?1.3ms592BParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:318Copy