Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)Vitamin B1 ist wasserlöslich und kann nicht im Körper gespeichert werden. Folglich sind wir auf eine regelmäßige Zufuhr angewiesen. In den 1920ern entdeckte der japanische Wissenschaftler Umetaro Suzuki Vitamin B1 in der Schale von Reiskörnern und beobachtete, dass dieser Nährstoff der typischen Mangelerkrankung Beriberi entgegenwirkt. Vitamin B1 wird durch alkalische Stoffe und Hitze zerstört, nicht aber durch Gefrieren.

Funktionen und Bedeutung

Ursachen für Mangel und schlechte Verwertung

Mangelerscheinungen

Symptome bei schwerem und andauerndem Mangel:

Beriberi war in Asien infolge des Verzehrs von poliertem Reis weit verbreitet. Beriberi ist eine von vielen Mangelerkrankungen. Die trockene Form von Beriberi tritt insbesondere bei Alkoholikern in unserem Teil der Welt auf. Die Symptome umfassen Nervenentzündung, Verlust der Muskelkraft und Gehstörungen. Die nasse Form verursacht Herzmuskelschwäche und Wassereinlagerungen. Unbehandelt kann die Krankheit zu Herzinsuffizienz führen.

Die Wernicke-Enzephalopathie ist eine akute, lebensbedrohliche Erkrankung, die durch Vitamin-B1-Mangel im Gehirn ausgelöst wird. Die eigentliche Ursache ist typischerweise langfristiger Alkoholmissbrauch. Ebenso zählen Amphetaminmissbrauch und die Einnahme von Methylphenidat (Medikament zur Behandlung von ADHS) zu den Risikofaktoren. Die Symptome umfassen Bewusstseins-, Sprach- und Gehstörungen - im schlimmsten Fall kann die Krankheit zum Tod führen.

Auch das Korsakow-Syndrom wird von einem schweren Vitamin-B1-Mangel im Gehirn hervorgerufen und ist oftmals auf langfristigen Alkoholmissbrauch zurückzuführen. Das Korsakow-Syndrom geht oft mit der Wernicke-Enzephalopathie einher und kann bleibende Gedächtnisstörungen verursachen. Beide Krankheiten werden mit hoch dosierten Vitamin-B1-Injektionen behandelt.

Quellen

Grobfaserige, grüne Lebensmittel und frisches Obst und Gemüse. Gute Quellen sind Vollkorn, Reiskleie, Sonnenblumenkerne, Weizenkeime, Para- und andere Nüsse, Bohnen, Erbsen, Samen und Bierhefe. Auch Fleisch, Kabeljaurogen und Milchprodukte stellen gute Quellen dar.

Vitamin-B1-Gehalt (Thiamin) in mg je 100 Gramm

Sonnenblumenkerne 2,10
Weizenkeime 1,5
Schwein/Kalb, roh 0,7/0,05
Brokkoli 0,7
Naturreis 0,48 (polierter Reis 0,07)

Empfohlene Tagesdosis (NRV)

Erwachsene: 11 Jahre und älter: 1,1 mg

Kinder bis 10 Jahre: 0,6 mg

Erhöhter Bedarf

Wichtige Information

Vitamin-B1-Präparate sollten grundsätzlich mit den anderen B-Vitaminen und niemals zusammen mit Antazida eingenommen werden

Überdosierung - Nebenwirkungen

In der Literatur werden keine Nebenwirkungen beschrieben und der Körper kann sehr große Mengen verarbeiten. Wiederholte Injektionen können jedoch in manchen Fällen allergische Reaktionen hervorrufen. Da Vitamin B1 wasserlöslich ist und überschüssige Mengen mit dem Urin ausgeschieden werden, ist eine Überdosierung, außer durch intravenöse Gabe, sehr schwierig.

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