Vitamin- og mineral guiden

B1 vitamin (thiamin, tiamin)

B1 vitamin (thiamin, tiamin) B1 vitamin er vandopløseligt, og da det ikke kan deponeres i kroppen, behøver vi en regelmæssig indtagelse. I 1920´erne opdagede den japanske videnskabsmand Umetaro Suzuki B1-vitaminet i risskaller, og at dette havde en helbredende effekt på den klassiske mangelsygdom beriberi. B1-vitamin ødelægges af basiske stoffer og opvarmning, men ikke af nedfrysning.

Funktioner og betydning for

Mangler og dårlig udnyttelse forårsages af

Mangelsymptomer

Mest udbredte symptomer forårsaget af lettere mangel:

Symptomer forårsaget af længere tids svær mangel:

Tidligere var Beriberi meget udbredt, især i Asien, på grund af polerede ris. Beriberi er én ud af flere mangelsygdomme.
Tør beriberi ses især hos alkoholikere herhjemme. Symptomerne er nervebetændelse, muskelsvækkelse og gangforstyrrelser.
Våd beriberi medfører svækket hjerte og vand i kroppen. Uden behandling kan sygdommen føre til hjertesvigt.

Wernickes encefalopati (hjernebetændelse) er en akut livstruende tilstand, der skyldes mangel på B1 vitamin i hjernen. Årsagerne er ofte langvarigt misbrug af alkohol. Misbrugere af amfetamin og methylphenidat (Ritalin mod ADHD) er også udsatte. Symptomerne er bevidsthedsforstyrrelser, talebesvær, gangbesvær og i værste fald døden.

Korsakoffs syndrom skyldes også større B1 vitaminmangel i hjernen, og ofte på grund af langvarigt overforbrug af alkohol. Korsakoffs syndrom optræder ofte sammen med Wernickes encefalopati, og sygdommen er præget af permanente skader på hukommelsen. Wernickes encefalopati og Korsakoffs syndrom behandles med indsprøjtning af B1 vitamin i store doser.

Kilder

Grov, grøn kost og friske råvarer. Især fuldkorn, risklid, solsikkekerner, hvedekim, paranødder og andre nødder, bønner, ærter, frø og ølgær. Desuden kød, torskerogn, fisk og mejeriprodukter.

Indhold af B1 vitamin (tiamin) i mg pr 100 gram

Solsikkekerner: 2,10
Hvedekim: 1,5
Svinekød/kalvekød, rå: 0,7/0,05
Broccoli: 0,7
Brune ris: 0,48 (polerede ris: 0,07)

Anbefalet daglig tilførsel

Voksne 11 år og opefter: 1,1 mg
Børn 1-10 år: 0,7 mg

Øget behov

Vigtigt at vide

Tilskud bør som regel indtages med andre B-vitaminer og adskilt fra syreneutraliserende medicin.

Overdosering – bivirkninger

Der er ikke beskrevet bivirkninger, og man kan tåle ret store doser. Ved gentagne injektioner kan der nogle gange optræde allergiske reaktioner. Da vitaminet er vandopløseligt, og et overskud udskilles med urinen, er det svært at overdosere med mindre det gives intravenøst.

 

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